ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Line Shape Form Space Texture

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN § § § • • Line Shape Form Space Texture Value Color

LINE • Line is a continuous mark on a surface. • The quality of line means a description of the line. • LINES EXPRESS EMOTION – HORIZONTAL LINES – VERTICAL LINES – DIAGONAL LINES – CURVED LINES • The two functions of line – to create shapes – to give direction

SHAPE • The closing of line creates a shape. • A shape is two-dimensional with a recognizable boundary. • Shape can be organic or geometric. • Organic is any shape or form with an irregular outline. • Examples of geometric shapes are squares, circles, ovals, triangles, and rectangles.

FORM • A three dimensional shape that encloses space. • Form can be organic or geometric. • FORM dictates whether or not the OCCUPIED and UNOCCUPIED space works successfully. • FORMS may be either ‘organic’ or ‘Geometric’ just like SHAPES

SPACE • The positive space is created by objects in the composition. • The negative space is the area around the objects • Space ( the illusion of depth) in an art work can be created by – Overlapping – Size – Placement – Detail – Value - Color – Perspective

TEXTURE • Texture is how the surface of objects feel or are perceived to feel by touch or sight. • Two types – Tactile = actual – Visual or simulated = drawn

VALUE • Refers to the darks and lights used in a composition. • Typically, a VALUE SCALE is a way to both study and compare values in your artwork and practice.

COLOR • Our eyes see color by interpreting the reflected light radiation as it bounces off the surface of objects. • Color terms: – Hue is another name for color – Value is the lightness and darkness of a color § Primary colors are red, yellow and blue. § Secondary colors are green, orange, and violet. § These colors are made by mixing two primary colors together. § Tertiary colors are combinations of primary and secondary colors. An example would be yellow green.

COLOR SCHEME § Complementary colors are colors that are directly across from each other on the color wheel. Browns are made by mixing two complements together. An example, red and green creates a chocolate colored brown. • Split complementary • Colors on either side of the color’s complement • Analogous colors are beside each other on the color wheel • Color Triad -Colors equal distance apart on the color wheel • Neutral colors are white, gray, black, and brown.

COLOR SCHEME • Colors on the color wheel that appear to be closely related to the color red are said to be warm colors. • Colors on the color wheel that appear to be closely related to the color blue are said to be cool colors.

COLOR SCHEME • A color’s saturation is its intensity. A saturated color is at its most intense. Adding any other color to a saturated color makes it less intense. • Adding white to a saturated color creates a tint of that color. • Adding black to a saturated color creates a shade of that color.

COLOR SCHEME • Either adding gray to a saturated color, OR adding some of that color’s complement can create a tone of that saturated color. • A color scheme that includes a saturated color, and all of its tints, tones and shades is called a monochromatic color scheme.

Principles of Design • • VARIETY CONTRAST BALANCE UNITY MOVEMENT PROPORTION EMPHASIS RHYTHM

VARIETY • Multiple types of dissimilar elements appearing in a composition (think ‘VARIETY PACK) • Adds interest to a piece

CONTRAST • A great difference between two things. • Adds drama or interest to a composition.

BALANCE • Describes how parts of an artwork are arranged to create an equal weight or interest. • Three types are – Symmetrical – Asymmetrical – Radial

UNITY • All parts of the artwork together to create the feeling of wholeness. • Created by overlapping or repeating elements or making one particular part of a composition dominant through size or position.

MOVEMENT • Movement occurs when elements are placed together to produce a sense of action. • The combination of elements to sweep the viewers eyes over the composition.

PROPORTION • Is the relation of one object to another in size, amount, or number.

EMPHASIS • Emphasis is used to place dominance on an element, subject, or other part of a work of art in order to catch the viewers eye.

• Repeating elements create a visual or actual movement in an artwork. • Some types of Rhythm – Regular / Repeating – Random / Abundance of variety – Alternating / Repetition with some Variety – Smooth and flowing / Water-like RHYTHM