Elements and Principles of Design Elements Principles Line

Elements and Principles of Design Elements: Principles: Line Balance Shape Emphasis & Focal Point Form Contrast Color Movement Value Variety Texture Pattern & Repetition Space Unity Harmony/Gestalt

Line A line is defined as a mark with length and direction, created by a point that moves across a surface. A line can vary in length, width, direction, curvature, and color. Contour, Diagonal, Broken, Curved, Outline, Implied, Vertical, zigzag, Horizontal, Wavy, Slanted, Continuous, Solid, Narrow, Bold Jasper Johns, 0 -9 (continuous line) Gesture drawing

line Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm

LINE Andy Goldsworthy

Keith Haring

Shape is an enclosed space defined by other elements of art. Shape is 2 -Dimensional Shape can be: Geometric: Angular, man-made concept Organic: curvilinear - found in nature Fernana Leger, The City Matisse, from the series “Jazz”

Picasso, Three Musicians

FORM 3 Dimensional Shape. Volume

MC Escher, Self Portrait

Vincent Van Gogh, Shoes Tamara de Lempicka Portrait of Ira P. 1925

Value An element of art that refers to luminance or luminosity – the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is an especially important element in works of art when color is absent. This is particularly likely with drawings, printmaking, and photographs Kathe Kollwitz, Self portrait

Value Chuck Close (made w/ thumbprints!) Edward Weston, Pepper (photograph)

Texture refers to the surface quality or "feel" of an object, such as roughness, smoothness, or softness. Actual texture can be felt while simulated textures are implied by the way the artist renders the surface area Oppenheim Fur-lined cup

Texture Actual and Implied Albrecht Durer Rhinocerus Goldsworthy

Color Is an element of art with three properties 1) Hue, the name of the color, e. g. red, yellow, etc. 2) Intensity or the purity and strength of the color 3) Value, or the lightness or darkness of the color Jasper Johns, Target (primary colors) Delauney

Primary Colors

Piet Mondrian Wassily Kandinsky

Warm Colors • Colors that are often described as being higher in temperature • Reds, oranges, yellows • Associated with fire and sun • Optically, appear to advance • Stimulating and passionate

Ex. Warm

Cool • Colors that are often described as being lower in temperature • Greens, Blues, and Violet • Associated with water, sky, and spring • Optically, they appear to recede • Calming and depressing

Ex. Cool

Color and Mood Van Gogh, the Night Cafe Picasso, the Old Guitarist

Space is the empty or open area between, around, above, below, or within objects. Shapes and forms are made by the space around and within them. Space is often called three-dimensional or two- dimensional. MC Escher

Space Positive space is filled by a shape or form. Negative space surrounds a shape or form.

Space/Depth May be created by overlapping, change in scale, perspective placement, color theory, or projection toward the viewer. David Hockney Place Furstenberg, Paris, August 7, 8, 9, 1985 -#11985

Balance is a sense of stability in the body of work. Balance can be symmetrical (formal) or assymmetrical (informal) Wayne Thiebaud, Around the Cake (formal balance)

Symmetrical/Formal Balance Diane Arbus, Twins

Symmetrical Balance Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper 1495 -1498

Asymmetrical Balance Edgar Degas (informal balance)

Asymmetrical Balance

Variety When elements are changed in scale, color, or form. Stuart Davis Andy Warhol

Movement adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewers eye throughout the picture plane. Edward Munch, the Scream

Movement Umberto Boccioni, Unique forms of continuity in space Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending Staircase

Dominance & Subordination The part of a composition that is emphasized, has the greatest visual weight, the most important, powerful, or has the most influence.

Emphasis & Focal Point Emphasis - Any forcefulness that gives importance to some feature or features of an artwork; something singled out, stressed, or drawn attention to by means of contrast, anomaly, or counterpoint Focal Point = portion of an artwork's composition on which interest or attention centers David Hockney

Emphasis & Focal Point

Emphasis & Focal Point Barbara Kruger Rene Magritte

Pattern & Repetition Involves multiples of the same element. Repeated elements can vary in size, color, or axis placement. Repeated elements can create a pattern. The use of repetition may be applied to all Visual Elements. Motion can be created by repetition. William Morris Arts and Crafts Movement

Pattern & Repetition Chuck Close, Self Portrait, detail

Contrast A large difference between two things, such as light and shadow, color and black/white Andy Warhol

Contrast David, the Death of Marat

Economy takes into account that less is more. Using minimal visual information to convey the concept.

Unity & Harmony The quality of wholeness or oneness (Gestalt) that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of design. Claude Monet Haystacks

Unity Cezanne Wayne Theibaud

Unity Van Gogh “Starry Night”

What Elements and Principles stand out?

What Elements and Principles stand out? Goya, “The 5 th of May”

What Elements and Principles stand out? Gauguin

What Elements and Principles stand out?