Electronic Navigational Chart NOAA ENC Presentation to the

Electronic Navigational Chart NOAA ENC® Presentation to the FGDC Transportation Subcommittee September 15, 2017 Colby Harmon NOAA – Office of Coast Survey – Marine Chart Division Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Topics • NOAA’s Office of Coast Survey • The Nautical Chart and Sources of Chart Data • Origin of the Electronic Navigational Chart • ENC Related Documents • ECDIS Navigation Systems • Characteristics of ENCs • IMO and USGC Regulations • Coast Survey’s ENC Related Links • Rescheming of US ENC Suite • ENC Related Developments Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2

NOAA’s Office of Coast Survey • Established in 1807 by President Thomas Jefferson • America’s oldest scientific agency • Over 1, 000 nautical charts • All U. S. waters, including U. S. territories and the Great Lakes • 3. 4 million square nautical miles • 95, 000 miles of coastline U. S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) U. S. Great Lakes Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3

Nautical Chart 1. A chart specifically designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation, showing depth of water, nature of bottom, elevations, configuration and characteristics of coast, dangers and aids to navigation. May be a paper chart, electronic navigational chart (ENC) or a raster navigational chart (RNC). Also called marine chart, hydrographic chart, or simply chart. 2. A special-purpose map or a specially compiled database from which a map is derived, that is issued officially by or on the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant government institution and is designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation. International Hydrographic Organization 2. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1. Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 4

Coast Survey’s Hydrographic Survey Division Water depths and positions of wrecks, rocks and other obstructions NOAA’s hydrographic survey ships and contractors survey 2, 000 -3, 000 square nautical miles annually. Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 5

NOAA’s U. S. Geodetic Survey Geodetic control and delineation of 95, 000 miles of shoreline from satellite and aerial stereo imagery, Lidar and other sources. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 6

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Depth surveys and dredging within federally maintained channels Corps provides data for 1, 500 channels NOAA charts over 25, 000 miles of navigable channels Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7

U. S. Coast Guard Aids to navigation (buoys, beacons, lights) information and bridge clearance data USCG maintains over 20, 000 fixed and floating aids in US Coastal waters Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8

NOAA’s Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services Tide and water levels, and currents data Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9

Coast Survey’s Marine Chart Division 1, 025 Raster Charts Nautical charts are produced in both raster and vector (ENC) formats from a single database 1, 213 ENCs Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 10

Origin of Electronic Navigational Charts • International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) • Intergovernmental consultative and technical organization, established in 1921 to support safety of navigation and the protection of the marine environment. • IHO S-57 standard defines the ENC product • First edition of S-57 was adopted by the IHO in May 1992 • Edition 3. 1, Nov 2000 is the current version • New S-101 ENC Spec. will eventually replace the S-57 Standard The S-57 Standard and other IHO documents may be downloaded from https: //www. iho. int/iho_pubs/IHO_Download. htm Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 11

IHO’s ENC Related Standards & Specifications S-57, IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data, “S-57 ENC Product Specification” S-52, Specification for Chart Content and Display Aspects of ECDIS, “ENC Symbology Specification” S-58, ENC Validation Checks Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 12

Even More IHO Documents S-62, List of Data Producer Codes IHO Test Data Sets in ECDIS S-65, ENC Production, Maintenance and Distribution Guidance S-66, Facts About Electronic Charts and Carriage Requirements Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 13

IHO S-57 Structure • IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data (Nov 2000) Main Document • Appendix A • • Chapter 1 Object Catalogue Chapter 2 Attribute Catalogue Annex A - Data Producer Codes - Deleted (replaced with S-62) Annex B - Attributes/Object Classes Cross Reference • Appendix B. 1 • • • ENC Product Specification Annex A - Use of the Object Catalogue for ENC - UOC Annex B - Examples of CRC Coding Annex C - Recommended ENC Validation Checks - Deleted (replaced with S-58) Annex D - INT 1 to S-57 Cross Reference • Appendix B. 2, IHO Object Catalogue Data Dictionary Product Specification • S-57 Supplement No 3 to Edition 3. 1 (June 2014) • FAQs and Encoding Bulletins Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14

ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System Route planning and navigation system that complies with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations • Uses “official” ENCs • Must have a backup • Integrated with GPS and other systems • Ship’s draft affects: • Alarms • “Safety Contour” • Soundings display • Isolated Danger symbol Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15

Some ENC Characteristics • Positions are in WGS-84 • Depths and heights are in meters • 159 Feature types • Such as buoys, depths, wrecks, anchorages, restricted areas • 187 Feature Attribute types • Such as buoy shape, vertical clearance, color, height • Several types of attribute values • Such as integer, float, enumerated list, string, coded string • ENC cells are categorized into one of 6 scale bands • ENC cells cannot overlap within the same band • ECDIS automatically displays the largest scale ENC available Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 16

Key Differences Between Raster and ENC Charts Raster Navigational Chart Electronic Navigational Chart • All information is symbolized on the chart. Some • ENC data may “queried” for more information. • RNC systems do not provide automated alarms or other indications. • ECDIS uses ENCs and ship info, such as draft, • Symbolization is fixed when the data is compiled and cannot be changed. • Rendered in real-time by ECDIS. “Paper chart” • Although similar, RNCs and paper nautical charts produced by different countries will have variations in colors and some symbols. • RNC symbols become pixelated when zooming. • Any ECDIS will portray all ENC data with the portions will be cluttered with symbols and text. • Features displayed are fixed at compilation. • Most RNCs are oriented as “north-up. ” RNCs can be rotated to “course-up, ” but the symbols and text will become tilted as the chart is rotated. Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Thus, simpler symbolization can be used. speed, direction, to initiate visual and auditory alarms when dangerous conditions exist. or “simplified” symbology may be selected. Non-ECDIS displays may use other symbology. same colors and symbols, regardless of which country produced the ENC. • ECDIS symbols stay the same size when zooming. • Certain features may be turned on or off. • ENCs have no inherent orientation. Symbols and text displayed in an ECDIS will always face up, regardless of the display’s orientation.

Chart 12278, 1: 40 K, Approaches to Baltimore Harbor Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 18

NOAA ENC® US 5 MD 12 M, Traditional Symbology Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 19

NOAA ENC® US 5 MD 12 M, Simplified Symbology Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 20

IMO Mandate for use of ECDIS 2012: International Maritime Organization (IMO) starts phasing in requirement for ECDIS use by commercial vessels on international voyages s nd e e t a d n a IS m D C E o t n itio s n a r T : 8 1 ll: a r o f d • July 20 e r i qu e r e b l l i w ons CDIS T E s f s o o r e s G U 0 • 50 > s p i h s r e ns o • Passeng T s s o r G 00 0 , 3 > s r ns e o k T s s o r • Tan G 000 , 3 > s l e s s • Cargo ve Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 21

U. S. Coast Guard Carriage Requirements • 2017 – USCG authorizes use of ENC for navigation by commercial vessels on domestic voyages within US waters • Simpler, cheaper Electronic Charting Systems (ECS) may be used to display ENC data • Paper nautical charts may still be used, but will not be required if an ECS with ENCs is being employed USCG NVIC 16 -1, “Use of Electronic Charts and Publications In Lieu of Paper Charts” is at: https: //www. navcen. uscg. gov/pdf/electronic_charting/NVIC_0116_electronic_charts_and_publications. pdf Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 22

www. nauticalcharts. noaa. gov Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 23

Downloading ENCs Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 24

Interactive Chart Catalog Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 25

NOAA ENC Online (Seamless Display) Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 26

Rescheming ENC Coverage • Simplifying the extents of 1, 213 irregularly shaped ENC cells • Reducing compiled scales from 131 to about 20 Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 27

Future Developments • IHO S-100 Universal Hydrographic Data Model (April 2017) • S-100 is the foundation under which compatible data layer products may be built • S-101 ENC Specification will ultimately replace the S-57 ENC Spec • S-101 will provide the “base map” over which other layers could be displayed Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 28

Some S-100 Based Products Being Developed • • • S-101 Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) S-102 High Resolution Bathymetry S-104 Tidal Information for Surface Navigation S-111 Surface Currents S-112 Dynamic Water Level Data S-121 Maritime Limits and Boundaries S-122 Marine Protected Areas S-411 Ice Prediction S-412 Ocean Weather Many more are being considered Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Back-up Slides

Growing Need for Accurate Charts • The average draft of the largest contain ships is now 52 feet Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 32

Office of Coast Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 33