Electronic Cartographic Materials The Basics Grace Welch University

Electronic Cartographic Materials The Basics Grace Welch University of Ottawa June 21, 2003 MAGERT Workshop

Purpose of Session n n What you need to get started What is a e-cartographic resource Brief intro. to GIS and spatial data Metadata for spatial data Finding the information for cataloguing 9/9/2021 2

Cartographic e-resources n n n Electronic atlases such as Encarta Virtual Globe (usually on CD-ROM) E-atlases are produced by governments or commercially Provide good information for cataloguing on CD-cover or case 9/9/2021 3

Cartographic e-resources Geospatial data “information about the shape, location and attributes of objects in electronic format” n Includes scanned maps, remote sensing images, data from digitizing, from GPS n for use with GIS or image-processing software n More challenging for cataloguing 9/9/2021 4

What is GIS? Geographic Information System A technology or system which uses computers to enter, store, manage, analyze and present spatial data 9/9/2021 5

What is GIS? n n n brings together databases & graphics essential components: data, software, hardware, database management and spatial analysis tools and people GIS is an integrating technology – can explore new relationships and integrate diverse data 9/9/2021 6

GIS pieces n n Powerful computers with lots of RAM & storage, peripherals such as plotters, scanners, digitizers Software: Arc. GIS, Intergraph, Map. Info, Map. Point, Idrisi Skilled operators Data: “fuel” for GIS, two types 9/9/2021 7

Vector Data n n n 9/9/2021 Based on x, y coordinates Points, lines and areas represent geographic entities Points - buildings, trees, cities Lines (arcs) - rivers, roads Polygons = areas - lakes, buildings, forests 8

Vector: shape plus attribute Attributes are information about the geographic features or “entities” n stored in tables n city (point): name, population, province n road (line): name, classification, load limits n lake (polygon): name, depth, type of fish, area, etc. 9/9/2021 9

Vector data, example 1 9/9/2021 10

Vector data, example 2 Quaternary Geology of Illinois 9/9/2021 11

Geography linked to description GIS software links the location data and the attribute data: 9/9/2021 12

Sample attribute data 9/9/2021 13

Raster Data n n n pixel, or cell-based stored in rows and columns satellite imagery, orthophotos, scanned images No attribute data e. g. GIF, TIFF, JPEG, BMP 9/9/2021 14

Raster: Digital elevation models n n n DEM is the simplest form of digital representation of topography Grid of spot heights Normally ascii or binary format Becoming more popular because allows 3 -D renderings Can overlay orthophotos or satellite imagery 9/9/2021 15

Format information n n File extension clue to type E. g. e 00 = Arc. Info Export Good online resource at GIS Data Depot http: //data. geocomm. com/helpdesk/for mats. html Useful because it sub-divides by data type 9/9/2021 16

Degrees in e-resources 9/9/2021 17

Scale in e-resources n n n Less important because of ability to zoom BUT gives a measure of suitability of dataset for particular purpose Peter Schweitzer, USGS: dilemma of scale – still a reference point for user community but not in metadata standard 9/9/2021 18

Scale example Same dataset of Ontario displayed at different scales Dataset suitable for display at provincial scale but not for large scale local or regional applications (look at Toronto Island) Scale information helps users make decisions about data 9/9/2021 19

Cartographic e-resources n Arrives via: n n n CD-ROM with printed cover Diskette/CD-ROM/DVD with hand-drawn label Downloaded & stored on hard-drive Attached to an email Or could be a remote resource 9/9/2021 20

Hardware for cataloguers n n Minimum specs n large hard drive n CD-ROM drive n large monitor n sound card n 128++ MG of RAM (memory) USGPO specifications (updated annually): n http: //www. access. gpo. gov/su_docs/fdlp/c omputers/rs. html 9/9/2021 21

Software for cataloguers n n n Winzip or other program to decompress zipped files Web browser Adobe Acrobat Draw program to open scanned images Optional: GIS or image processing software such as Arc. View or ERDAS 9/9/2021 22

Getting started: is it cartographic? n n LC guidelines: http: //lcweb. loc. gov/marc/cfmap. html Consider as cartographic n n Scanned images, digital orthophotos or remotely sensed images of earth’s surface Data producing cartographic images when processed by software (GIS) Atlases or multi-media atlases where significant aspect is cartographic code “e” in leader position 06 9/9/2021 23

What do you have to work with? 9/9/2021 24

Information from back of case 9/9/2021 25

Geospatial data example n EXP 0 QUAT 96. E 00 ARC 2 1 933 35 14 11 3. 4269258 E+06 3. 4435170 E+06 3. 4270260 E+06 3. 4436790 E+06 3. 4273598 E+06 3. 4437633 E+06 3. 4277350 E+06 3. 4439735 E+06 3. 4281093 E+06 3. 4445195 E+06 3. 4285255 E+06 3. 4449815 E+06 3. 4289003 E+06 3. 4454435 E+06 3. 4291665 E+06 3. 4459820 E+06 3. 4293338 E+06 3. 4470690 E+06 3. 4293428 E+06 3. 4471968 E+06 9/9/2021 26

Sources for geospatial data n n Title page: what’s that? ? CD-ROM cover or liner notes label on CD-ROM or diskette readme files on the CD-ROM or diskette n n n called readme or with extension. txt, . wpd, doc metadata file accompanying print manuals 9/9/2021 27

Metadata n n “data about data” Describes content, quality, accuracy of data, origins, availability n n n Who created data set? When was it created? What format is it? How accurate is it? How do I get the data? Surrogate for digital data set 9/9/2021 28

Metadata (cont’d) n North American standard for geospatial data Content Standard for Digital Spatial Metadata (FGDC rev. 1998) http: //www. fgdc. gov/metadata/contstan. html n n n Presidential mandate Wide variation in types of metadata supplied Crosswalk available between FDGC standard and MARC 9/9/2021 29

Paper world versus Digital PRINTED MAP n Cartographer n Scale, projection n Legend n Publisher information n Date 9/9/2021 GEOSPATIAL DATASET n Creator n Projection, units of measure, resolution n Entity/attribute info n Source of data n Date 30

CSDGM overview n n Provides common set of terminology and definition Provides framework for description Adopted by U. S. federal, state and local organizations and Canada Standard for participation in clearinghouses and warehouses 9/9/2021 31

CSDGM: 7 Major Sections n Identification Information n n Data Quality Information n n horizontal and vertical accuracy assessment, data set completeness and lineage Spatial Data Organization Information n n data set title, area covered, keywords, purpose, abstract, access and use restrictions raster, vector, Spatial Reference Information n 9/9/2021 lat/long, coordinate system, or map projection 32

CSDGM: 7 Major Sections n Entity and Attribute Information n n definitions of the attributes of the data set Distribution Information n n (cont’d) distributor, file format of data, off-line media types, on-line link to data, fees Metadata Reference Information n 9/9/2021 who created the metadata and when 33

CSDGM: 3 Minor Sections n Citation Information n n Time Period Information n n originator, title, publication date, publisher single date, multiple dates, range of dates Contact Information n 9/9/2021 contact person and/or organization, address, phone, email 34

Let’s look at a real example n n Preliminary Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California Available for download at: http: //geology. cr. usgs. gov/pub/openfile-reports/ofr-02 -0136/ 9/9/2021 35

Open file download 9/9/2021 36

Cataloguers’ sources n n n Image file (definitely cartographic) Readme file (explains what constitutes the dataset) Metadata file (to intrepret the information) 9/9/2021 37

More information n n USGS web site ESRI web site Online tutorials (ESRI Virtual Campus) Online glossaries (Atlas of Canada) Peter Dana’s web resources: n 9/9/2021 http: //www. colorado. edu/geography/gcraft /notes/datum_f. html 38

Thank you Questions? ? 9/9/2021 39