Electron Transport Oxidative Phosphorylation Dr Kevin Ahern Biological
Electron Transport & Oxidative Phosphorylation Dr. Kevin Ahern
Biological Energy Oxidation
Oxidized Reduced action Catalyzed by Glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate Dehydrogen
Oxidation of NADH
Electrical and Chemical Potential
The Nernst Equation Overall, ΔG = -n. FΔE
Electron Transport Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
Complex II
Electron Movement Reaction
Ubiquinone 2 e- + 2 H+ Ubiquinol
Complex III
Cytochrome C Small, mobile peripheral protein Inner mitochondrial membrane Shuttles electrons between complexes III and IV Very conserved across all living systems
Note
Short-circuits System Alternative Oxidase Pathway of Plants, Fungi, Protozoa
Requirements for Electron Transport 1. Electron carriers (NADH/FADH 2) 2. Oxygen
Electron Transport Inhibitors Complex III
Inhibit Rotenone Amytal Inhibit Antimycin A Inhibit Cyanide Carbon Monoxide Azide
Reactive Oxygen Species
Reactive Oxygen Species 1. Non-enzymatic reactions 2. Damaging to cells (O 2 -) Superoxide NO + Nitric Oxide Peroxynitrite
Reactive Oxygen Species - Cellular Protection 1. Antioxidants a. Glutathione b. Vitamins A, C, E c. Uric acid 2. Enzymes a. Catalase b. Superoxide Dismutase
Catalase
Glutathione Reduced Form Oxidized Form
Superoxide Neutralization
Superoxide Dismutase
Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitchell’s Chemiosmotic Process 1. Intact inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Movement of electrons “pumps” protons 3. Proton gradient drives formation of ATP
Oxidative Phosphorylation Electron Transport
ATP Synthase (Complex V)
ATP Synthase (Complex V)
Oxidative Phosphorylation Requirements 1. Proton Gradient 2. ADP
Oligomycin - ATP Synthase Inhibitor
Respiratory Control 1. 2. 3. 4. Tightly coupled vs. Uncoupled Requires intact mitochondrial inner membrane ETS and oxidative phosphorylation are interdependent Stopping either will stop the other
Respiratory Control
The “Magic” Diet Drug That Kills 2, 4 Dinitrophenol (2, 4 DNP)
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