Electron Dot and Structual Diagrams for Covalent Compounds

Electron Dot and Structual Diagrams for Covalent Compounds

Lewis Structures - • Structural Diagrams show the number of bonds in a compound. H- O H • Electron Dot Diagrams show the electrons involved in the bonds of compounds. : H: O: H 1 pair of electrons = 1 bond : Bonding e- Non-bonding e- or lone pairs

Electron Dot Diagrams Determine the number of valence e- for an element.

1 e 2 e- valence electrons 7 e- 8 e 3 e- 4 e- 5 e- 6 e-

Electron Dot Diagrams Determine the number of valence e- for an element. # valence e- H Cl 1 7 F 7 S O P N C Si 6 6 5 4 4 5 : . . . : : : : 3 4 4 . H. Cl : . F : . S : . O: . P. . N. . C. . Si. # of bonds 1 1 1 2 2 3 When drawing structural diagrams, each element must have the correct number of bonds.

Electron Dot Diagrams Each bond in the structural formula represents two electrons. All valence electrons must be used Each element must have a full valence orbital (8 e-) , except H (2 e-) Try C 2 H 6

First, determine the central atom (the one with the most bonding electrons): Carbon 4 e. Hydrogen 1 e. So the central atoms will be? C

Electron Dot Diagrams C 2 H 6 . . C

Electron Dot Diagrams C 2 H 6 . . . . C C.

Electron Dot Diagrams C 2 H 6 . . H H H C C. H atoms have a H H All full shell. .

Electron Dot Diagrams C 2 H 6 . . H H H C C. H atoms have a H H All full shell. .

Electron Dot Diagrams A structural diagram is one that shows each bond as a line. Each line represents 2 bonding electrons. Lone pairs are not shown in a structural diagram C 2 H 6 H H H C C H H H

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN H C N

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN . . . H C

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN N . . . . H C

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN H C N . . H C N Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO 2

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO 2 O C O

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO 2 . . . . O C O Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO 2 C O . . . . O O Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N 2

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N 2 N N

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N 2 N . . N Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N 2 N N . . N N Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P 2 O 3 (sym)

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P 2 O 3 O P O Hint: This molecule is symmetrical…which means an O will be in the center.

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P 2 O 3 . . . . O P O

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P 2 O 3 O P . . . . O P O O

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: C 4 H 8 (cyclic)

Electron Dot Diagrams H H . . . Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: C 4 H 8 (cyclic) H H C H . . H C . . C H . . H C

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing structural diagrams for the following: C 4 H 8 (cyclic) H H H C C H H H