Electron Configurations for the modern model of the

Electron Configurations for the modern model of the atom

Orbitals • are the region of most probable location of electrons in an atom • Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle – Impossible to know exact location and momentum of any electron in an atom.

• The orbitals in the atom correspond to the blocks of the periodic table

S orbital spherical fits 2 electrons

P orbitals dumbbells fit 2 electrons each

D orbitals Clover Leaf fit 2 electrons each

F orbitals

Draw Magnesium Bohr Model of Atom Modern Model (Quantum) 12 n 12 p Not so easy to draw so we revert to the Bohr model

. . and figure out its electron configuration HOW TO FILL AN ORBITAL DIAGRAM

Empty orbital diagram Showing energy of electrons in their orbitals least energy at the bottom to the most going up 3 p 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s

• e- represented with arrows • e- occupy lowest E levels first • e- will occupy separate orbitals if possible • e- in the same orbital must have opposite spins

3 p H 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 1 1 s

H

3 p He 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 2 1 s

He

3 p Li 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 2 1 1 s 2 s

Li

3 p Be 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 2 2 1 s 2 s

3 p B 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 1 s 22 p 1

B

3 p C 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 1 s 22 p 2

3 p N 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 1 s 22 p 3

3 p O 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 2 2 4 1 s 2 s 2 p

K 4 p 3 d 4 s 3 p 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 1 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 64 s 1

K

Ca 4 p 3 d 4 s 3 p 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 1 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 64 s 2

4 p 3 d Sc 4 s 3 p 3 s 2 p 2 s 1 s 1 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 64 s 23 d 1

Sc

Electron summary s can hold 2 electrons • p can hold a total of 6 electrons • • 2 in each orbital • d can hold a total of 10 electrons • 2 in each orbital

So how many electrons in each energy level? • • E level 1 = 2 e. E level 2 = 8 e. E level 3 = 18 e. E level 4 = 32 e- But NEVER more than 8 valence e- because of the order the e- fill!

The End