Electron Configuration Mapping the electrons Electron Configuration n
- Slides: 32
Electron Configuration Mapping the electrons
Electron Configuration n The way electrons are arranged around the nucleus.
Quantum Mechanical Model n n 1920’s Werner Heisenberg (Uncertainty Principle) Louis de Broglie (electron has wave properties) Erwin Schrodinger (mathematical equations using probability, quantum numbers)
Heisenberg uncertainty principle n it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle with any great degree of accuracy or certainty.
Erwin Schrodinger Ø Ø Ø Formulated equation that describes behavior and energies of subatomic particles. Incorporates both particle and wave behavior in terms of wave function: is proportional to the probability of finding an electron. Leads to Quantum Mechanics: we cannot pinpoint an electron in an atom but we can define the region where electrons can be in a particular time……… called a Probability map…. a 3 -dimensional area in space called an ORBITAL
Principal Quantum Number, n n Indicates main energy levels n = 1, 2, 3, 4… n Each main energy level has sub-levels
Energy Sublevels s p d f g
Orbitals
n The principle quantum number, n, determines the number of sublevels within the principle energy level.
Orbital Quantum Number, ℓ (Angular Momentum Quantum Number) n n Indicates shape of orbital sublevels ℓ = n-1 ℓ sublevel 0 1 2 3 4 s p d f g
Orbital n The space where there is a high probability that it is occupied by a pair of electrons.
Visualizing the orbitals
Orbitals in Sublevels Sublevel s p d f # Orbitals 1 3 5 7 # electrons 2 6 10 14
Three rules are used to build the electron configuration: Aufbau principle n Pauli Exclusion Principle n Hund’s Rule n
Aufbau Principle n Electrons occupy orbitals of lower energy first.
Orbital Diagram
Filling Order diagram
-Pauli Exclusion Principle (Wolfgang Pauli, Austria, 1900 -1958) -Electron Spin Quantum Number n n An orbital can hold only two electrons and they must have opposite spin. Electron Spin Quantum Number (ms): +1/2, -1/2
Hund’s Rule In a set of orbitals, the electrons will fill the orbitals in a way that would give the maximum number of parallel spins (maximum number of unpaired electrons). Analogy: Students could fill each seat of a school bus, one person at a time, before doubling up.
Orbital Diagram for Hydrogen
Orbital Diagram for Helium
Orbital Diagram for Lithium
Orbital Diagram for Beryllium
Orbital Diagram for Boron
Orbital Diagram for Carbon
Orbital Diagram for Nitrogen
Orbital Diagram
Notations of Electron Configurations n n Standard Shorthand
Orbital Diagram for Fluorine
Blocks in the Periodic Table
Standard Notation of Fluorine 2 1 s y g r e n E n i Ma el v s r e e L b m Nu , 2 2 , 1 Number of electrons in the sub level 2, 2, 5 2 2 s 5 2 p Sublevels
Shorthand Notation n n Use the last noble gas that is located in the periodic table right before the element. Write the symbol of the noble gas in brackets. Write the remaining configuration after the brackets. Ex: Fluorine: [He] 2 s 2 2 p 5
- Unpaired electrons
- Dot symbol
- S orbital
- Electron configuration for 5 electrons
- Electron configuration vs noble gas configuration
- Memory parameters
- Forward mapping vs backward mapping
- Prinsip analisis dan desain
- Electronic configuration is arrangement of electrons in
- Chrhh
- Absolute configuration
- Chiral and achiral molecules examples
- What does electron configuration notation eliminate?
- átomo
- Electron configuration for oxygen
- Hog hilton answers
- Shorthand electron configuration for arsenic
- Al electron
- Ytterbium number of protons
- Ba+ electron configuration
- Spd electronic configuration
- Konfigurasi atom mg
- Electron configuration
- 82 pb electron configuration
- Electron configuration rule
- Chapter 8
- Electron configuration arrow diagram
- 6 the periodic table practice problems
- Ge dot diagram
- Section 3 electron configuration
- 42 electron configuration
- Electron configuration
- Electron configuration house