ELECTRON CLOUDS TUTORIAL FROM QUANTUM THEORY TO ELECTRON

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ELECTRON CLOUDS TUTORIAL FROM QUANTUM THEORY TO ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS

ELECTRON CLOUDS TUTORIAL FROM QUANTUM THEORY TO ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS

MAIN MENU QUANTUM THEORY ORBITALS HOW ARE ORBITALS FORMED? HOW ARE ORBITALS FILLED? QUANTUM

MAIN MENU QUANTUM THEORY ORBITALS HOW ARE ORBITALS FORMED? HOW ARE ORBITALS FILLED? QUANTUM NUMBERS ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS

QUANTUM THEORY �Bohr ◦ Electrons are in orbits around the nucleus like the solar

QUANTUM THEORY �Bohr ◦ Electrons are in orbits around the nucleus like the solar system �De Broglie ◦ Electrons have particle and wave properties. Next

QUANTUM THEORY �Heisenberg ◦ You can’t know at a particular time where an electron

QUANTUM THEORY �Heisenberg ◦ You can’t know at a particular time where an electron is and where is it heading. �Schrödinger ◦ Proved and described electron wavelike behavior

ORBITALS S ORBITALS P ORBITALS D ORBITALS F ORBITALS

ORBITALS S ORBITALS P ORBITALS D ORBITALS F ORBITALS

S ORBITALS �Shaped like a Sphere �Only one orbital in each S �Can keep

S ORBITALS �Shaped like a Sphere �Only one orbital in each S �Can keep up to 2 electrons.

P ORBITALS �Shaped like an 8. � 3 orbitals in each P (Px. Py.

P ORBITALS �Shaped like an 8. � 3 orbitals in each P (Px. Py. Pz) �Together the 3 can keep up to 6 electrons.

D ORBITALS �Different shapes � 5 orbitals in each D �Together the 5 can

D ORBITALS �Different shapes � 5 orbitals in each D �Together the 5 can keep up to 10 electrons

�Different F ORBITALS shapes � 7 orbitals in each F �Together the 7 can

�Different F ORBITALS shapes � 7 orbitals in each F �Together the 7 can keep up to 14 electrons

HOW YOU FORM ORBITALS? �The next slides tell you how s and p orbitals

HOW YOU FORM ORBITALS? �The next slides tell you how s and p orbitals are drawn.

1 s orbital

1 s orbital

2 s orbital

2 s orbital

z This is one 2 p orbital (2 py) y x

z This is one 2 p orbital (2 py) y x

z another 2 p orbital (2 px) y x

z another 2 p orbital (2 px) y x

z the third 2 p orbital (2 pz) y x

z the third 2 p orbital (2 pz) y x

There are three 2 p orbitals

There are three 2 p orbitals

HOW DO ORBITALS FILL? �The next slides show you how orbitals fill in an

HOW DO ORBITALS FILL? �The next slides show you how orbitals fill in an element configuration.

the 3 s orbital gets the next each 2 p orbital two electrons The

the 3 s orbital gets the next each 2 p orbital two electrons The 2 s orbital is also the 2 p orbitals once the 2 selectron orbital one agets sphere. begin to fill 1 s orbital begins to fill before pairing begins is filled, z once each 2 p orbital is filled with a pair of electrons, then y “ 1 s”the orbital is a For The thisonce presentation, the 2 s each 2 p orbital The 3 axes represent sphere, centered nucleus of the atom is at orbital is intersects the 3 -dimensional space the center of the axes. around thethree nucleus x filled, 2 s orbital and the 1 s orbital

z y x

z y x

QUANTUM NUMBERS FOURTH QUANTUM NUMBER FIRST QUANTUM NUMBER Name: Principal or Level Symbol: n

QUANTUM NUMBERS FOURTH QUANTUM NUMBER FIRST QUANTUM NUMBER Name: Principal or Level Symbol: n Numbers: 1 -7 Function: Determines the level where the electrons are. SECOND QUANTUM NUMBER Name: Sublevel Symbol: l Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3 Function: Determines the type of orbital the electrons are in. 2 1 s Name: Spin Symbol: s Numbers: +1/2, -1/2 Function: Determines the direction that the electron takes. THIRD QUANTUM NUMBER Name: Orbital or Magnetic Symbol: m Numbers: (-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3) Function: Determines wich of the orbitals of the same type the electron is in.