Electromagnetic Induction Cutting a wire through a magnetic

Electromagnetic Induction Cutting a wire through a magnetic field induces a p. d. If a current is induced (need a circuit) this is the DYNAMO EFFECT Magnetic field lines going into screen We can increase the voltage by: • moving the wire quicker • having a stronger magnetic field; • using a coil of wire consisting of more turns or a larger area Wire 1 Solenoid

Transformers p. d. across primary = number of turns on primary p. d. across secondary number of turns on secondary Vp = Np Vs Ns Only work using alternating current (a. c. ) a. c. in primary coil induces a magnetic field. Magnetic field induces a p. d in the secondary coil 2400 turns Primary Coil 240 turns Secondary Coil

Transformers and the National Grid Increases voltage Power station Step up transformer Decreases voltage Step down transformer High voltage = low current so less energy lost Homes Low voltage = high current Can use in homes safely

Galaxies Neutrons and protons (~100 s) Radiation Evidence: Redshift CMB Quarks and electrons (~0. 1 s) Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) (~100, 000 years) GRAVITY DID IT!!! Galaxies and stars (~few billion years)

How the chemical elements formed Nuclear fusion Tritium + Deuterium Helium Neutron Hydrogen to helium Helium to heavier elements up to iron Force of Gravity Too much energy is needed to make heavier elements in a star. To make heavier elements need a supernova! Force of Explosion

Foundation Paper Question 2 Question 3 Question 4