ELECTROMAGNETIC EARTH ENVIRONMENT Hanna Rothkaehl Space Research Center

ELECTROMAGNETIC EARTH ENVIRONMENT Hanna Rothkaehl Space Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland COSTMP 1104 Warszawa 7. 05. 2010

magnetosphere jonosphere Natural emissions and man-made noises

Wave in situ diagnostics ULF and LF ion plasma diagnostics, E B field fluctuations. VLF low density plasma diagnostics HF electron plasma diagnostics, Solar radio burst. Local plasma frequency =local electron density tens k. Hz up to few MHz Local gyro-frequency proportional to the intensity of magnetic field tens k. Hz up to MHz The ionosphere represents less than 0. 1% of the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere. Even so, it is extremely important!

Experience past experiment -RF diagnostics

PLASMA PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS ROCKET EXPERIMENTS 18. 09. 1981 VERTICAL-Gruzya 60 -S Radiospectrometer PRS-1 Radiospectrometer ISKRA 21. 12. 1981 VERTICAL-10 Frequency Spectrum Analyzer ASIN 20. 05. 1983 VOLNA-1 MR-12 Low Frequency Spectrum Analyzer Langmuir Probe 18. 03. 1985 PLASMA-1 MR-12 Radiospectrometer PRS-2 E 15. 05. 1985 PLASMA-2 MR-12 Radiospectrometer PRS-2 RP June 1992 NASA Terier-Black AC-Electric Field Spectrometer 8 instruments in 6 missions 19. 03. 2004 Piotr Orleański, SRC PAS 5

PLASMA PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS SATELLITE EXPERIMENTS, 28 instruments; 21 missions already completed, 27. 02. 1979 25. 12. 1980 15. 12. 1984 21. 12. 1984 18. 12. 1986 7. 07. 1988 12. 07. 1988 28. 09. 1989 Analyzer 28. 09. 1989 18. 12. 1991 INTERCOSMOS-19 Radiospectrometer IRS-1 PROGNOZ-8 Spectrum Analyzer BUD-A VEGA-1 Spectrum Analyzer APV-N VEGA-2 Spectrum Analyzer APV-N COSMOS 1809 Radiospectrometr AVCz-2 F, Antenna Impedance Meter PHOBOS-1 Spectrum Analyzer APV-F 1 PHOBOS-2 Spectrum Analyzer APV-F 2 INTERCOSMOS-24 (ACTIVE. ) Radiospectrometer PRS-2, Antenna Impedance Meter, Spectrum INTERCOSMOS-24 (SUBS. ) Radiospectrometer PRS-2 S INTERCOSMOS-25 (APEX) Radiospectrometer PRS-3, Antenna Impedance Meter Radiospectrometer ISKRA , Electrostatic Energy Analyzer 18. 12. 1991 INTERCOSMOS-25 (SUBS. ) Radiospectrometer PRS-3 S 2. 03. 1994 CORONAS-I Radiospectrometer SORS 3. 08. 1995 INTERBALL-1 Plasma Wave Analyzer ADS 3. 08. 1995 INTERBALL-1 (SUBS. ) Plasma Wave Analyzer SAS-1 16. 11. 1996 MARS 96 DCDC, Low Frequency Analyzer and EGSE for ELISMA PWC 29. 08. 1998 INTERBALL-2 Radio-spectro Polarimeter POLRAD 29. 08. 1998 INTERBALL-2 (SUBS. ) Plasma Wave Analyzer SA-2 10. 12. 2001 COMPASS Radiospectrometer RFA-2 29. 02. 2004 DEMETER DCDC for Plasma Wave Complex 25. 05 2006 COMPASS-2 Radiospectrometer RF 19. 03. 2004 Piotr Orleański, SRC PAS 6

Turbulence diagnostics Magnetopause Bow shock magnetosheat

Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, interation of HF waves and energetic electrons 1. Electromagnetic pollution at topside ionosphere, H. Rothkaehl et al. 2003, 2005 2. Broad band emissions inside the ionospheric trough H. Rothkaehl et al. 1997 , Grigoryan 2003, Rotkhkaehl et al. 2007. 3. Whistler- gamma rays interaction related to the Earthquake, Rothkaehl et al. 2006. Kudela, Bucik 2005 . 4. Emissions triggered by lightning, Bucik 2005

Ionospheric trough region Filamentary structures Double trough structure Alfven waves, EMIC, LHR, UHR Frozen emissions, turbulent regions Proposed mechanism ion-acoustic wave on the magnetic equator , energetization of electron at low altitude broad band HF emissions

ISS Obstanovka Responsible Institute Combined wave sensor CWS-1, CWS-2 LC ISR, Ukraine Flux gate magnetometer DFM-1 ISR RAS , Russia Flux gate magnetometer DFM-2 LC ISR, Ukraine Langmuir probe - LP-1, LP -2 STIL, Bulgaria Spacecraft potential monitor - DP-1, DP-2 ISR BAS, Bulgaria Correlating Electron Spectrograph (10 e. V 10 Ke. V) CORES Sussex University, Great Britain Radio Frequency Analyzer RFA SRCPoland SISP Sweden, Signal Analyzer and Sampler - SAS 3 Eotvos University, Hungary Data Acquisition and Control Unit - DACU KFKI RMKI, Hungary, Sheffield University, Great Britain Block of Storage of Telemetry Information BSTM (inside ISS) KFKI RMKI, Hungary, Sheffield University, Great Britain Ground support equipment - GSE KFKI RMKI, Hungary, SRC, Poland

New technology FPGA-micro blazer RFA VRX Module RFA CPU Module (component side)

VLF 2013 RELEC I interrelation between Cosmic Rays, Magnetosphere particles and the Earth Atmospheric

RELEC 2013 Interrelation between Cosmic Rays, Magnetosphere particles and the Earth Atmospheric DRG-1 & DRG-2 - two identical detectors of X-, gamma-rays and high-energy electrons of high temporal resolution and sensitivity DRG-3 - three axe directed detectors of energtic electrons and protons MTEL - optical imager DUV - UV detector BCh. K - module of charge and neutral particle detectors NCh. A - low-frequency analyser RCh. A - radio-frequency analyser DOSTEL - dosimeter module BSKU - module of commands and data collection • Electrons 0. 2 – 10 Me • > 10 Me. V • > 0. 3 Me. V • Protons 0. 3 – 60 Me. V • > 50 Me. V • 3 – 150 Me • >150 Me. V • Gamma 0. 05 – 1. 0 Me. V • Neutron 0. 1 – 30 Me. V • X-rays 10 – 100 ke. V

REZONANS РЕЗОНАНС 1 А и 1 В РЕЗОНАНС 2 А и 2 В Стратегия измерений проекта РЕЗОНАНС STUDY OF HF ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA IN THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE Auroral kilometric radio emission: behaviours of the source, characteristics of emission, outlet of emission from a source

INTERHELIOPROBE

ESA LUNAR NEXT Advantages: - long-term diagnostics: full coverage of the solar cycle; lunar atmosphere, magnetosphere, solar wind, solar radio burst - Space weather applications - new possible observations of radio emissions in solar system -cosmology aspect, dark ages of the Universe - Chances for European leadership in space radio- science

JUICE(LAPLACE)

4 space crafts 600 -800 km 2013

To the HI tail Uniwersytet im. Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń Centrum Badań Kosmicznych PAN, Warszawa POLFAR Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Szczecin Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Zielona Góra LOFAR Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski, Olsztyn (LOw Frequency ARray Uniwersytet Przyrodzniczy, Wrocław for radio astronomy) Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków