ELECTROMAGNETIC CANNON Reporter Hsieh TsungLin Taiwan Question A

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ELECTROMAGNETIC CANNON Reporter: Hsieh, Tsung-Lin Taiwan

ELECTROMAGNETIC CANNON Reporter: Hsieh, Tsung-Lin Taiwan

Question A solenoid can be used to fire a small ball. A capacitor is

Question A solenoid can be used to fire a small ball. A capacitor is used to energize the solenoid coil. Build a device with a capacitor charged to a maximum 50 V. Investigate the relevant parameters and maximize the speed of the ball.

Optimized Situation Ball I 1. Magnitizing t 4. Reverse current 2. Accelerating 3. At

Optimized Situation Ball I 1. Magnitizing t 4. Reverse current 2. Accelerating 3. At middle 5. Accelerating 6. Leaving

Relevant Parameters I(t) Voltage (V) Solenoid Length (l) Layer Radius (r) (→Inductance L) Capacitance

Relevant Parameters I(t) Voltage (V) Solenoid Length (l) Layer Radius (r) (→Inductance L) Capacitance (C) Resistance (R) (→frequency) Ball Magnetic susceptibility Resistance Mass (m) Shape Initial position (x 0) Typical energy transferring rate:

Experimental Setup Power supply Capacitor Solinoid A B

Experimental Setup Power supply Capacitor Solinoid A B

Experimental Procedure Charge the capacitor five times longer than its time constant. Connect the

Experimental Procedure Charge the capacitor five times longer than its time constant. Connect the capacitor to the solenoid. Measure the distance the ball flies to estimate the initial speed. Repeat the procedure above.

Typical Result

Typical Result

Hypothesis The ball is magnetized. Moves toward the less magnetic potential. S Constant current

Hypothesis The ball is magnetized. Moves toward the less magnetic potential. S Constant current N F x

How Fast It Moves Three time scales: Magnetic field decay (RLC oscillation) Magnitization time

How Fast It Moves Three time scales: Magnetic field decay (RLC oscillation) Magnitization time Projectile passing through time

Simulation Assumptions Particle. Frictionless. Circuit = RLC loop. Path is along the axis of

Simulation Assumptions Particle. Frictionless. Circuit = RLC loop. Path is along the axis of the solenoid. S

Simulation Formulation l r x

Simulation Formulation l r x

Speed vs. Voltage Parameter : Voltage (from 30 V ~50 V) Initial Condition :

Speed vs. Voltage Parameter : Voltage (from 30 V ~50 V) Initial Condition : Capacitance: 1470μF Number of Layers: 5 layers Length: 1. 5 cm Position of Cannon: At the entry of the solenoid (0 mm) Mass: 0. 014 g

Voltage Speed is positively related to the voltage.

Voltage Speed is positively related to the voltage.

Speed vs. Capacitance Parameter : Capacitance (470μF ~ 3300μF) Initial Condition : Voltage: 50

Speed vs. Capacitance Parameter : Capacitance (470μF ~ 3300μF) Initial Condition : Voltage: 50 V Number of Layers: 5 layers Length: 1. 5 cm Position of Cannon: At the entry of the solenoid (0 mm) Mass: 0. 014 g

Capacitance The optimized capacitance is 1470 μF.

Capacitance The optimized capacitance is 1470 μF.

Speed vs. Number of Layers Parameter : Number of layers (4~8 layers) Initial Condition

Speed vs. Number of Layers Parameter : Number of layers (4~8 layers) Initial Condition : Voltage: 50 V Capacitance: 1470 μF Length: 1. 5 cm Position of Cannon: At the entry of the solenoid (0 mm) Mass: 0. 014 g 1. 5 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Numbers of Layers The optimized number is 5 layers.

Numbers of Layers The optimized number is 5 layers.

Speed vs. Position Parameter : Position (0~10 mm) Initial Condition : Voltage: 50 V

Speed vs. Position Parameter : Position (0~10 mm) Initial Condition : Voltage: 50 V Capacitance: 3700 μF Number of Layers: 5 cm Length: 1. 0 cm Mass: 0. 083 g

Position The optimized position is at the entry of the solenoid. 5 4 3

Position The optimized position is at the entry of the solenoid. 5 4 3 2 1 Layer

Speed vs. Material Parameter : Material (iron, cobalt, nickel, copper) Initial Condition : Voltage:

Speed vs. Material Parameter : Material (iron, cobalt, nickel, copper) Initial Condition : Voltage: 50 V Capacitance: 1470 μF Number of Layers: 5 cm Length: 1. 5 cm Position of Cannon: At the entry of the solenoid (0 mm)

Material As a good ferromagnetic material, iron flies faster than any other ones. Fe

Material As a good ferromagnetic material, iron flies faster than any other ones. Fe Cu Ni Co

Summary Magnetic force→fire the projectile Low energy transferring rate. Fastest speed: 31. 4 m/s

Summary Magnetic force→fire the projectile Low energy transferring rate. Fastest speed: 31. 4 m/s V=50 V C=1470 μF Layers=5 Solenoid Length=1. 5 cm Position: At the entry Ball mass=0. 014 g Material: Iron Complicated relationship.

Thank you!

Thank you!