Electricity Magnetism Static Currents Circuits Magnetic Fields Electro
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Electricity & Magnetism Static, Currents, Circuits Magnetic Fields & Electro Magnets Motors & Generators
Atoms… l Have neutrons, protons, and electrons. l Protons are positively charged l Electrons are negatively charged
Electrons… l Are located on the outer edges of atoms…they can be moved. l A concentration of electrons in an atom creates a net negative charge. l If electrons are stripped away, the atom becomes positively charged.
The world is filled with electrical charges: + - + + + + + -
What is this electrical potential called? l Static - Electricity - - - + ++ ++
Static Electricity l The build up of an electric charge on the surface of an object. l The charge builds up but does not flow. l Static electricity is potential energy. It does not move. It is stored.
Static Discharge… l Occurs when there is a loss of static electricity due to three possible things: l. Friction - rubbing l. Conduction – direct contact l. Induction – through an electrical field (not direct contact)
Electricity that moves… l Current: The flow of electrons from one place to another. l Measured in amperes (amps) l Kinetic energy
How can we control currents? l With circuits. l Circuit: is a path for the flow of electrons. We use wires.
There are 2 types of currents: l Direct Current (DC) – Where electrons flow in the same direction in a wire.
There are 2 types of currents: l Alternating Current (AC) – electrons flow in different directions in a wire
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There are 2 types of circuits: l Series Circuit: the components are lined up along one path. If the circuit is broken, all components turn off.
Series Circuit
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There are 2 types of circuits: l Parallel Circuit – there are several branching paths to the components. If the circuit is broken at any one branch, only the components on that branch will turn off.
Parallel Circuit
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Conductors vs. Insulators l Conductors – material through which electric current flows easily. l Insulators – materials through which electric current cannot move.
Examples l Conductors: l Insulators: l Metal l Styrofoam l Water l Rubber l Plastic l Paper
What is Resistance? l The opposition to the flow of an electric current, producing heat. l The greater the resistance, the less current gets through. l Good conductors have low resistance. l Measured in ohms.
What Influences Resistance? l Material of wire – aluminum and copper have low resistance l Thickness – the thicker the wire the lower the resistance l Length – shorter wire has lower resistance l Temperature – lower temperature has lower resistance
What is Voltage? l The measure of energy given to the charge flowing in a circuit. l The greater the voltage, the greater the force or “pressure” that drives the charge through the circuit.
Difference b/t Volts and Amps l Example l Amps – you could say that… measure how much water comes out of a hose. l Volts measure how hard the water comes out of a hose.
Ohm’s Law l Resistance l Ohms = Voltage / Current = Volts / Amps
Practice with Ohm’s Law Ohms 4 15 2 9 6 Volts 100 150 30 45 48 Amps 25 10 15 5 8
What is an electromagnet? l Electromagnet – a magnet made from a current bearing coil of wire wrapped around an iron or steel core.
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What is a generator? l Generator – a machine that changes mechanical energy to electrical energy l Usually use moving magnets to create currents in coils of wire. l (Faraday -1831)
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What is a motor? l Motor – a device that changes electrical energy to mechanical energy that can do work.
That’s It !!!!
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