ELECTRICAL SAFETY RELATED WORK PRACTICES 29 CFR 1910

ELECTRICAL SAFETY RELATED WORK PRACTICES 29 CFR 1910. 331 -335 WELCOME

COURSE OBJECTIVES þ Accident Prevention. þ Introduce Electrical Safety and Establish Its Role in Today’s Industry. þ Introduce Basic Concepts and Techniques of Electrical Safety Related Work Practices. þ Provide Electrical Safety Skills for Personnel Who May Come Into Contact With Electrical Hazards.

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE þ þ þ Electrical Safety Results in Accident Reduction Elimination of Workplace Injuries & Illnesses Where Possible Reduction of Workplace Injuries & Illnesses Where Possible Development of Efficient Electrical Safety Techniques OSHA Safety Standards Require: ü ü ü Workers Be Properly Protected Against Injury Training Be Conducted Electrical Hazards and Precautions Be Explained An “Electrical Safety” Program Be Established Job Electrical Hazards Be Assessed and Controlled Personal Protective Equipment Be Provided

APPLICABLE REGULATIONS 29 CFR - Safety and Health Standards 1910 - Industrial Safety Sub Part S - Electrical 331 - Scope of the Requirements 332 - Training Requirements 333 - Selection/Use of Work Practices 334 - Use of Equipment 335 - Safeguards for Personnel

INDUSTRY CONSENSUS STANDARDS ANSI - C 2 -81 National Electrical Safety Code NFPA - 70 -78 National Electrical Code - 70 E Electrical Safety in Workplaces

PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS ALL EMPLOYERS MUST: þ Safeguard Electrical Sources. þ Review Job Specific Hazards. þ Implement Corrective Actions. þ Conduct Hazard Assessments. þ Conduct Accident Investigations. þ Provide Training to All Required Employees. þ Control Workplace Hazards Using PPE As a Last Resort.

TRAINING FOR UNQUALIFIED PERSONS THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING: þ þ Train in Safety Related Work Practices. Conduct Training Prior to Job Assignment. Explain The Specific Regulations That Apply. Explain The Hazards Associated with Electricity.

TRAINING FOR QUALIFIED PERSONS THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING: þ þ þ þ Train in Safety Related Work Practices. Conduct Training Prior to Job Assignment. Explain The Specific Regulations That Apply. Explain The Hazards Associated with Electricity. Teach Them to Determine The Nominal Voltage of Live Parts. Teach Them Determine The Clearance Distances of Live Parts. Teach Them to Distinguish Between Live Parts and Other Parts.

RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A: þ þ þ þ New Electrical Hazard. Program Related Injury. Change in Job Assignment. New Equipment Introduced. New Hazard Control Methods. Failure in the Safety Work Practices. Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY IS IMPORTANT A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP: þ þ þ þ Improve Quality. Improve Absenteeism. Maintain a Healthier Work Force. Reduce Injury and Illness Rates. Acceptance of High-Turnover Jobs. Workers Feel Good About Their Work. Reduce Workers’ Compensation Costs. Elevate SAFETY to a Higher Level of Awareness.

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION OF A ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM REQUIRES: þ DEDICATION þ PERSONAL INTEREST þ MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT NOTE: UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCE IS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!

MANAGEMENT’S ROLE þ Considerations: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Get Involved. Ensure Your Support Is Visible. Support the Electrical Safety Effort. Implement Ways to Measure Effectiveness. Attend the Same Training As Your Workers. Insist on Periodic Follow-up & Program Review. Follow-up on the Actions You Took.

THE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE þ Considerations: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Get Involved. Get Your Workers Involved. Never Ridicule Any Injury or Near Miss. Treat All “Near-Misses” As an Accident. Complete the Paperwork for Improvements. Attend the Same Training As Your Workers. Be Professional - You Could Save a Life Today. Get Involved in the Safeguarding of Electrical Sources. Follow-up on the Actions You Took.

THE EMPLOYEE’S ROLE þ Considerations: 1. Get Involved. 2. Contribute to Make Corrective Actions. 3. Know the Hazards Associated with Your Job. 4. Report All Accidents and Near-Misses Immediately. 5. Always Provide Complete and Accurate Information. 6. Report All Electrical Safety Problems or Deficiencies. 7. Follow-up With Any Additional Information.

SAFETY COMMITTEE þ Safety Committees Should: ü ü ü ü Document Meetings. Encourage Employee Involvement. Provide Feedback Without Fear of Reprisal. Make Recommendations for Corrective Action. Analyze Statistical Data Concerning Accidents. Hold Regular Electrical Safety Review Meetings. Bring Employee Concerns to Management's Attention. Follow-up Is Critical.

WORK COVERED BY 331 -335 The provisions of 29 CFR 1910. 331 - 335 cover electrical safety work practices for both qualified and unqualified persons working on, near, or with: 1. PREMISES WIRING 2. WIRING FOR CONNECTIONS TO SUPPLY 3. OUTSIDE CONDUCTORS ON THE PREMISES

EXCLUDED WORK The provisions of 29 CFR 1910. 331 - 335 do not apply to electrical safety work practices for both qualified and unqualified persons working on, or directly with: 1. POWER GENERATION* 2. POWER TRANSMISSION* 3. POWER DISTRIBUTION* * Covered under other regulations

DEFINITIONS Qualified Person: þ A person who has the training in avoiding the electrical hazards of working on or near exposed energized parts. And who is familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and hazards involved with the job

DEFINITIONS (Continued) Unqualified Person: þ A person who has little or no training with respect to avoiding the electrical hazards of working on or near exposed energized parts. And who is not familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and hazards involved with the job.

APPROACH DISTANCES Approach Distances - Qualified Person: Note: This table applies to overhead lines but may be used to develop local guidelines Voltage Range (Phase-to-Phase) Minimum Approach Distance 300 V and less Over 300 V, not over 750 V Over 750 V, not over 2 k. V Over 2 k. V, not over 15 k. V Over 15 k. V, not over 37 k. V Over 37 k. V, not over 87. 5 k. V Over 87. 5 k. V, not over 121 k. V Over 121 k. V, not over 140 k. V Avoid Contact 1 ft 0 in (30. 5 cm) 1 ft 6 in (46. 0 cm) 2 ft 0 in (61. 0 cm) 3 ft 0 in (91. 0 cm) 3 ft 6 in (107. 0 cm) 4 ft 0 in (122. 0 cm) 4 ft 6 in (137. 0 cm)

APPROACH DISTANCES (Continued) Approach Distances - Unqualified Person: Note: This table applies to overhead lines but may be used to develop local guidelines Voltage Range (Phase-to-Phase) Minimum Approach Distance 50, 000 V and less 50, 001 to 150, 000 V 10 ft 15 ft

APPROACH DISTANCES (Continued) Approach Distances - Unqualified Person: ALTERNATIVE METHODS Where it is not feasible to comply with established approached distances alternative methods may be used as long as the operation is supervised by an authorized employee:

APPROACH DISTANCES (Continued) Approach Distances - Unqualified Person: ALTERNATIVE METHODS 1. The energized parts must be insulated using blankets, line hose, or other such insulating materials and or; 2. Insulating barricades must be to physically prevent the worker from contacting the energized conductors and or; 3. The workers must be protected using rubber gloves, sleeves, flash suits, or other protective equipment.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES þ Knockouts and Panel Fillers: Ensure knockouts and panel fillers are inplace to prevent accidental contact by unqualified personnel.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Illumination: SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER Employees may not enter spaces containing exposed energized parts unless illumination is provided that enables he or she to perform the work safely. Employees may not reach blindly into areas which may contain energized parts.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ General: Safety-related work practices must be employed to prevent electric shock or other injuries resulting from either direct or indirect electrical contacts, when work is performed near or on equipment or circuits which are or may be energized. The specific safety-related work practices must be consistent with the nature and extent of the associated electrical hazards.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Denergized Parts ü Live parts must be de-energized before work is permitted on or near them, unless it can be demonstrated that deenergizing introduces additional or increased hazards or is infeasible due to equipment design or operational limitations. ü Live parts that operate at less than 50 volts to ground need not be de-energized if there will be no increased exposure to electrical burns or to explosion due to electric arcs.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Energized Parts ü If the exposed live parts are not de-energized (i. e. , for reasons of increased or additional hazards or infeasibility), other safety-related work practices must be used to protect employees who may be exposed to the electrical hazards involved. ü Such work practices must protect employees against contact with energized circuit parts directly with any part of their body or indirectly through some other conductive object.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Working On or Near Exposed Energized Parts ü Only qualified persons may work on electric circuit parts or equipment that have not been de-energized. ü Such persons must be capable of working safely on energized circuits and must be familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Overhead Lines ü If work is performed near overhead lines, they must be deenergized and grounded, or other protective measures provided before work is started. ü If the lines are to be de-energized, arrangements must be made with the person or organization that operates or controls them to de-energize and ground them. ü All protective measures, must prevent employees from contacting lines directly with any body part or indirectly through conductive materials, tools, or equipment.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) LOCKOUT TAGOUT OVERVIEW 29 CFR - 1910 - 147 29 CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS 1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY 147 - LOCKOUT TAGOUT STANDARD

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) LOCKOUT TAGOUT OVERVIEW þ TITLE - CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY þ SEPTEMBER 1, 1989 - FINAL RULE ISSUED þ JANUARY 2, 1990 - FINAL RULE TOOK EFFECT

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) LOCKOUT TAGOUT DEFINITIONS þ Authorized Employee The Person Who Locks or Tags Out Machines To Perform Servicing or Maintenance. þ Affected Employee DANGER LOCKED OUT DO NOT OPERATE This Lock/Tag may only be removed by NAME: ________ DEPT : ________ EXPECTED COMPLETION DATE: ________ TIME: _________ An Employee Whose Job Requires Him or Her To Operate or Use a Machine or Piece of Equipment On Which Servicing or Maintenance Is Being Performed.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Lockout Tagout Operations ü While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric equipment or circuits which have been deenergized, the circuits energizing the parts must be locked out or tagged or both. ü Fixed equipment refers to equipment fastened in place or connected by permanent wiring methods. ü The employer must also maintain a written copy of the procedures.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Application of Locks and Tags ü A lock and a tag must be placed on each disconnecting means used to de-energize circuits and equipment on which work is to be performed. The lock must be securely attached. ü Each tag must contain a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation and removal of the tag. ü If a lock cannot be applied, or if the employer can demonstrate that tagging procedures will provide a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock, a tag may be used without a lock.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Application of Locks and Tags A tag used without a lock, must be supplemented by at least one additional safety measure that provides a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock. Examples include: 1. Removal of an isolating circuit element 2. Blocking of a controlling switch 3. Opening of an extra disconnecting device

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Application of Locks and Tags A lock may be placed without a tag only under the following conditions: 1. Only one circuit or piece of equipment is deenergized, and 2. The lockout period does not extend past the work shift, and 3. Exposed employees are familiar with this procedure

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Verification of Denergized Condition 1. A qualified person must operate the equipment operating controls or otherwise verify that the equipment cannot be restarted. 2. A qualified person must use test equipment to test the circuit elements and electrical parts of equipment to which employees will be exposed and verify that the circuit elements and equipment parts are de-energized.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Verification of Denergized Condition 3. Tests must determine if any energized condition exists as a result of inadvertently induced voltage or unrelated voltage back feed even though specific parts of the circuit have been de-energized and presumed to be safe. Note: If the circuit to be tested is over 600 volts, nominal, the test equipment must be checked for properation immediately before and immediately after this test.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Reenergizing Equipment The following requirements must be met, in the order given, before circuits or equipment are reenergized, even temporarily. 1. A qualified person must conduct tests and visual inspections, as necessary, to verify that all tools, electrical jumpers, shorts, grounds, and other such devices have been removed. 2. Exposed employees must be warned to stay clear of circuits and equipment during re-energization.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Reenergizing Equipment 3. Each lock and tag must be removed by the employee who applied it or under his or her direct supervision. If this employee is absent, then the lock or tag may be removed by a designated qualified person provided that: ü The employer ensures that the employee who applied the lock or tag is not available at the workplace, and. ü The employee is aware that the lock or tag has been removed before he or she resumes work. ü A visual determination ensures all employees are clear.

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) CONFINED SPACE OVERVIEW 29 CFR - 1910 - 146 29 CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS 1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY 146 - CONFINED SPACES

SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES (Continued) þ Confined Spaces: SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER Confined spaces must be assessed and strict guidelines followed. Energized parts must be protected from accidental contact. Doors, hinged panels and the like must be secured to prevent them from contacting workers or live parts.

VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT Elevated Equipment: Vehicles or mechanical equipment capable of having elevated parts near energized overhead lines must be operated so that a clearance of 10 ft. (305 cm) is maintained. If the voltage is higher than 50 k. V, the clearance must be increased 4 in. (10 cm) for every 10 k. V over that voltage.

VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (Continued) Elevated Equipment: Clearance may be reduced if: 1. If the vehicle is in transit with its structure lowered, the clearance may be reduced to 4 ft. (122 cm). If the voltage is higher than 50 k. V, the clearance must be increased 4 in. (10 cm) for every 10 k. V over that voltage.

VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (Continued) Elevated Equipment: Clearance may be reduced if: 2. If insulating barriers are installed to prevent contact with the lines, and if the barriers are rated for the voltage of the line being guarded and are not a part of or an attachment to the vehicle or its raised structure, the clearance may be reduced to a distance within the designed working dimensions of the insulating barrier.

VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (Continued) Clearance May be reduced if: 3. The equipment is an aerial lift insulated for the voltage involved, and if the work is performed by a qualified person, the clearance (between the uninsulated portion of the aerial lift and the power line) may be reduced to the distance given in 29 CFR 1910. 334 S-5 Below. Voltage Range (Phase-to-Phase) Minimum Approach Distance 300 V and less Over 300 V, not over 750 V Over 750 V, not over 2 k. V Over 2 k. V, not over 15 k. V Over 15 k. V, not over 37 k. V Over 37 k. V, not over 87. 5 k. V Over 87. 5 k. V, not over 121 k. V Over 121 k. V, not over 140 k. V Avoid Contact 1 ft 0 in (30. 5 cm) 1 ft 6 in (46. 0 cm) 2 ft 0 in (61. 0 cm) 3 ft 0 in (91. 0 cm) 3 ft 6 in (107. 0 cm) 4 ft 0 in (122. 0 cm) 4 ft 6 in (137. 0 cm)

VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (Continued) Employees On The Ground: Employees standing on the ground may not contact the vehicle or mechanical equipment or any of its attachments, unless: 1. The employee is using protective equipment rated for the voltage; or 2. The equipment is located so that no uninsulated part of its structure that provides a conductive path can come closer than the approach distances outlined in to the line than permitted in to the distance given in 29 CFR 1910. 334 Table S-5.

VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT (Continued) Employees On The Ground: If any vehicle or mechanical equipment capable of having parts of its structure elevated near energized overhead lines is intentionally grounded, employees working on the ground near the point of grounding may not stand at the grounding location whenever there is a possibility of overhead line contact. Additional precautions, such as the use of barricades or insulation, must be taken to protect employees from hazardous ground potentials, depending on earth resistivity and fault currents, which can develop within the first few feet or more outward from the grounding point.

PORTABLE LADDERS Portable Ladders: Portable ladders must have nonconductive siderails if they are used where the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized parts.

CONDUCTIVE APPAREL Conductive Apparel: Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing may not be worn if they might contact exposed energized parts. However, such articles may be worn if they are rendered nonconductive by covering, wrapping, or other insulating means.

HOUSEKEEPING DUTIES Housekeeping Duties: þ Where live parts present an electrical contact hazard, employees may not perform housekeeping duties at distances where there is a possibility of contact. þ Adequate safeguards (such as insulating equipment or barriers) must be provided. þ Electrically conductive cleaning materials may not be used in proximity to energized parts unless procedures are followed which prevent electrical contact.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY INTERLOCKS Interlocks: Only a qualified person may defeat an electrical safety interlock, and then only temporarily using established procedures while he or she is working on the equipment. The interlock system must be returned to its operable condition when this work is completed.

USE OF EQUIPMENT Portable Electric Equipment: 1. Handling. Portable equipment must be handled in a manner which will not cause damage. Flexible electric cords connected to equipment may not be used for raising or lowering the equipment. Flexible cords may not be fastened with staples or otherwise hung in such a fashion as could damage the outer jacket or insulation.

USE OF EQUIPMENT (Continued) Portable Electric Equipment: 2. Visual inspection. Portable cord- and plug-connected equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) must be visually inspected before use on any shift for external defects and for evidence of possible internal damage (such as pinched or crushed outer jacket). 3. Cord- and plug-connected equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) which remain connected once they are put in place and are not exposed to damage need not be visually inspected until they are relocated. If there is a defect or evidence of damage they must be removed from service.

USE OF EQUIPMENT (Continued) Conductive Work Locations: Portable electric equipment and flexible cords used in highly conductive work locations (such as those inundated with water or other conductive liquids), or in job locations where employees are likely to contact water or conductive liquids, must be approved for those locations.

USE OF EQUIPMENT (Continued) Connecting Attachment Plugs: 1. Employees' hands may not be wet when plugging and unplugging flexible cords and cord- and plug-connected equipment, if energized equipment is involved. 2. Energized plug and receptacle connections may be handled only with insulating protective equipment if the condition of the connection could provide a conducting path to the employee's hand (if, for example, a cord connector is wet from being immersed in water). 3. Locking-type connectors must be properly secured after connection.

USE OF EQUIPMENT (Continued) Test Instruments and Equipment: 1. Use. Only qualified persons may perform testing work on electric circuits or equipment. 2. Visual inspection. Test instruments and equipment and all associated test leads, cables, power cords, probes, and connectors must be visually inspected for external defects and damage before the equipment is used. If there is a defect or evidence of damage they must be removed from service.

USE OF EQUIPMENT (Continued) Test Instruments and Equipment: 3. Rating of equipment. Test instruments and equipment and their accessories must be rated for the circuits and equipment to which they will be connected and must be designed for the environment in which they will be used.

USE OF EQUIPMENT (Continued) Flammable or Ignitable Materials: Where flammable materials are present, electric equipment capable of igniting them must not be used, unless measures are taken to prevent hazardous conditions from developing. Such materials include, but are not limited to: flammable gases, vapors, or liquids; combustible dust; and ignitable fibers or flyings.

PERSONNEL PROTECTION þ Protective Clothing and Equipment Considerations: ü Appropriate for the particular hazard(s) ü Maintained in good condition ü Properly stored when not in use ü Kept clean, fully functional, and sanitary

PERSONNEL PROTECTION (Continued) Barriers and Signage: STOP DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE Barriers and signage should be strategically placed in the work area to control access and ensure that only trained and qualified personnel enter hazardous areas. The arrangement of such equipment will vary depending on the layout of the work area and the specific needs of the job.

PERSONNEL PROTECTION (Continued) Signage: DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER Warning signs should be: þ þ þ Standardized where possible Distinctive from other signage Posted at the appropriate height Clearly warn personnel of the hazards Posted at all entry ways to the work area

PERSONNEL PROTECTION (Continued) Barriers and Barrier Tape: STOP DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER Barriers and Barrier Tape should be: þ þ þ Standardized where possible Distinctive from other types of guards Placed so that energized parts are not reachable Positioned usually at least 3 feet from the hazard If barriers or tape or not sufficient, post attendants

PERSONNEL PROTECTION (Continued) General Protective Equipment and Tools: 1. When working near parts, insulated tools or handling equipment must be used. 2. If the insulating capability of insulated tools or handling equipment is subject to damage, the insulating material must be protected.

PERSONNEL PROTECTION (Continued) General Protective Equipment and Tools: 1. Fuse handling equipment, insulated for the circuit voltage, must be used to remove or install fuses when the fuse terminals are energized. 2. Ropes and handlines used near exposed energized parts must be nonconductive.

PERSONNEL PROTECTION (Continued) General Protective Equipment and Tools: GENERAL PRECAUTIONS 1. Protective shields, barriers, or insulating materials must be used to protect employees from electrical injuries while working near exposed energized parts. 2. When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for maintenance or repair, they must be guarded to protect unqualified persons from contact with the live parts.

TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS þ REMEMBER, YOU CONTROL YOUR FACILITY OR AREA! þ REVIEW THEIR PROCEDURES WITH THEM BEFORE STARTING THE JOB! þ DETERMINE THEIR SAFETY PERFORMANCE RECORD! þ DETERMINE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF THEIR PEOPLE! þ DETERMINE HOW THEY WILL AFFECT YOUR EMPLOYEES!