Electrical Engineering Dr Keith Holbert WISE Investments Program

Electrical Engineering Dr. Keith Holbert WISE Investments Program Summer 2001 Electrical Engineering 1

What is Electrical Engineering? – Professional activities of electrical engineers directly affect the everyday lives of most of the world’s population – Design miniscule semiconductor circuits – Design, control, and simulate an electric power grid that covers North America – Between these extremes, the electrical engineer’s challenges run the gamut – Electrical engineering is a broad field Electrical Engineering 2

ASU Electrical Engineering • Undergraduate Degree Program Info – Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) degree – Four-year program; 128 semester hours – Accredited by ABET Engineering Commission • Undergraduate Program Statistics – About 700 students – Approximately 110 -120 graduates each year – Starting B. S. E. annual salary of around $54 K Electrical Engineering 3

Discipline Breakdown of EE Undergraduate Coursework Electrical Engineering 4

Electrical Engineering 5

UG Math and Science Requirements • Mathematics (21 hrs) – Calculus, three semesters – Differential Equations – Linear Algebra – Advanced Math • Sciences (15 hrs) – Chemistry, one semester – Physics, three semesters Electrical Engineering 6

Electrical Engr. Course Requirements • • • Digital Logic, w/Lab Circuits II Electronics, w/Lab Electronic Materials Signals & Systems Electromagnetic Engr. Random Signal Analysis Energy Conversion, w/lab Senior Design Lab I & II Electrical Engineering • C++ and Assembly Prog. Technical Electives: • Communications and Signal Processing • Controls • Electromagnetics • Electronic Circuits • Power Systems • Solid state electronics 7

Senior Technical Elective Areas • • • Solid State Electronics Communications and Signal Processing Controls Electronic Circuits Power Systems Electromagnetics Electrical Engineering 8

Electromagnetics • The study of electric and magnetic fields arising from charged particles in rest and in motion – The Electromagnetic force is one of the four known fundamental forces of nature – All theory of electrical engineering is based on electromagnetics • Radio, TV, Cellular telephones, Computers, Electric Machinery, Particle Accelerators, Electrostatic precipitators, Magnets, Superconductors. • Lightning, Magnets, Light, Radiowaves Electrical Engineering 9

Why Study Electromagnetics? • Wireless communications systems require antennas. • PCs are on the verge of becoming microwave devices. Electrical Engineering 10

Why Study Electromagnetics? • To better understand modern communications and computer systems. • To be able to design and analyze electromagnetics-based devices such as antenna systems, fiber optics systems and microwave systems. Electrical Engineering 11

Electromagnetics is Difficult • Because Electric and Magnetic Fields – – are three-dimensional are vectors vary in space as well as time are governed by PDEs • As a result: – Solution of electromagnetics problems requires a high level of abstract thinking - it is not possible to solve them by finding the right formula in which to plug the numbers. – Students must develop a deep physical understanding where math becomes a powerful tool rather than a crutch Electrical Engineering 12

Radar Cross Section (Top View) Electrical Engineering 13

Radar Cross Section (Helicopter Overlay) Electrical Engineering 14

Electric Power Engineering – Conversion of energy from thermal, chemical, nuclear or mechanical to electrical form, the transmission of that energy over high voltage transmission line, and the utilization of that energy • • • Large electric generators, nuclear power plants, transmission and distribution lines, insulator operation, economics, reliability, power electronics Electrical Engineering 15

Power Quality Analysis of non-sinusoidal signals in highly inter-connected power systems -to increase reliability and decrease losses Electrical Engineering 16

Power Electronics • Power electronics is the branch of circuits and solid state engineering that is concerned with devices and circuits that are designed for 1 k. W operation and above • Topics covered include converter design, PWM devices, regulators, DC/DC converters, high power switching, power flow control, innovative lighting techniques • It is believed by many that the fastest growing area of electrical engineering in the next five years will be in power electronics Electrical Engineering 17

Example Senior Design Project in Electric Power Engineering • To capture solar energy during the day and use fiber optics to carry the light to an indoor lighting system. Tracking is used to follow the sun. Storage of the luminous energy will be used for nighttime operation. Electrical Engineering Collection lenses/mirrors system Fiber optic Tracking system Indoor lighting system 18

Solid State Electronics – Study of the behavior of solid conductors and semiconductors – Most important is silicon - integrated circuits • Electronic memory • Digital electronic IC’s • Transistor and linear electronics – Cars (Engines, Brakes), Radios, TVs, Microwaves, Semiconductor Lasers, Light Emitting Diodes, Photo Diodes for Fiber Optic Communication, Power Converters AC to DC Electrical Engineering 19

Solid State Electronics • Electronic systems are driven by semiconductor chips • These chips perform analog and digital circuit functions • Semiconductor chips contain semiconductor devices • Semiconductor devices have to be: – Designed, fabricated, measured, modeled, sold, marketed • Need to know: – Device physics – Fabrication techniques Electrical Engineering 20

Semiconductor Industry What do engineers in the semiconductor industry do? • Circuit design: design and lay out circuits to be manufactured • Simulation/modeling: simulate semiconductor manufacturing, device, circuit, and systems behavior (simulation is faster and cheaper than manufacturing) • Fabrication: fabricate these circuits, maintain yield • Measurement/characterization: characterize the performance of the devices/circuits/chips • Sales/marketing: sell and market devices, chips, systems, equipment, services Electrical Engineering 21

Personal Systems Scaling Desktop Notebook Credit Card Phone PDA Ring Watch Source: Texas Instruments Electrical Engineering 22

Communications Study of how human speech, music, text and image data can be encoded on electrical signals and transmitted via radio, cable, television, and optical fiber Signal Processing The manipulation of digital signals by computers to extract or encode useful information and to suppress noise and other distortion Electrical Engineering 23

Communications • Cellular Telephony • Personal Communication Systems (PCS) • Satellite telephone systems (Iridium) • Global Positioning System Electrical Engineering • • Computer Networking Internet Intranets Telephone system Cable TV Satellite data networks Military communications 24

Signal Processing • High Definition Television (HDTV) • Digital Radio • Sound, Image, and Video compression • Speech Recognition • Image Recognition • Noise Cancellation Electrical Engineering • Military Applications: Radar, Sonar • Autonomous Vehicles • Communication Systems • Special Purpose Computer Architectures 25

Controls – Study of making complicated systems behave in a desirable manner • Self-steering Cars, Auto Pilots in Aircraft – Robotics Electrical Engineering 26

Controls Applications • Acoustic - acoustic cancellation for a concert hall; intelligent hearing devices • Aerospace - all-weather landing system; launch vehicles • Automation and Manufacturing navigation for autonomous robot (e. g. pathfinder) • Biological - cardiovascular control systems • Defense - high performance fighters; tactical missiles; guidance and navigation; attack helicopters Electrical Engineering • Electrical - diffusion furnaces; semiconductor processes; read/write head control for optical storage • Mechanical - active suspension for mobile laboratory • Materials - control of smart composite materials • Medicine - telemedical robotic systems for precision surgery • Ocean - submarine • Space Based Surveillance weather, surveillance, monitoring system; satellites • Structural - active earthquake control for skyscrapers 27

Vehicle Cruise Control System Example • P - Vehicle • r - Reference (desired) speed • y - Actual speed • u - Fuel flow to engine • K - Controller error r e desired output control u K Controller di disturbances P Electrical Engineering y actual output Plant sensor noise do n 28

Electrical Engineering Communications Control Systems Radar, Antennas Computers Electronics Power Digital Signal Processing Electrical Engineering 29