ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BFT 112 INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING NOOR

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BFT 112 : INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING NOOR SYAFAWATI AHMAD SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ENG.

WHAT IS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING? �Electrical Engineering is : �a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. �the profession concerned with systems that produce, transmit, and measure electric signals. �This field first became and identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19 th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electric power distribution and use.

SUBFIELD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING � POWER SYSTEM �Generate and distribute electric power � CONTROL SYSTEM �Use electric signals to regulate processes � COMMUNICATION SYSTEM �An electrical system that generate, transmit, and distribute information � COMPUTER SYSTEM �Use electric signals to process information ranging from word processing to mathematical computations � SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM �Act on electric signals that represent information

FURTHER DISTINCTION �In US, electrical engineering may include electronic engineering �Outside US, �Electrical engineering deal with problem associated system such as electric power transmission and electrical machines �Electronic engineering deals with the study of electronic systems including computers, communication systems, integrated circuits, and radar.

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING �Electronics engineering deals with implementation of applications, principles and algorithms developed within many related fields, for example solid-state physics, radio engineering, telecommunications, control systems, signal processing, systems engineering, computer engineering, instrumentation engineering, electric power control, robotics, and many others.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING �Electrical engineering concerned with using electricity or transmit electric power �Electric-power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to electrical substations located near demand centers. Generator Transmissi on Substation Distribution

ELECTRICAL-POWER TRANSMISSION

BASIC ELECTRICAL �Direct Current (DC) circuit �Direct current is flow of electron from negative to positive �Follow Ohm’s law, V =IR �V = Voltage �I = Current V R DC schematic circuit �R = Resistor

BASIC ELECTRICAL �Alternating V R AC schematic circuit Current (AC) circuit �Occurs when charge carriers in a conductor or semiconductor periodically reverse their direction of movement. �Follow Ohm’s law, V =IR �V = Voltage �I = Current �R = Resistor

GENERATOR Convert mechanical energy into alternating electrical energy

COMPONENTS

CAPACITOR Passive element that stores electric charge statistically and temporarily as a static electric field.

INDUCTOR Defined as an energy storage device which stores energy in form of magnetic field

TRANSFORMER • Static machine used for transforming power from one circuit to another without changing frequency. • To step up or step down the voltage Single phase transformer Three phase transformer

MEASURING EQUIPMENT Measure the various electrical quantities like electrical power, voltage, current etc Ammeter Power meter Voltmeter KWh meter Analog Ammeter And voltmeter Multimeter

POWER PLANT or POWER GENERATING STATION �An industrial location that is utilized for the generation and distribution of electrical power in mass scale, usually in the order of several 1000 Watts. �Generally located at the sub-urban regions or several kilometers away from cities or the load centers; requisites like huge land water demand, along with several operating constraints like the waste disposal etc. �Power generating station has to not only take care of efficient generation but also the fact that the power is transmitted efficiently over the entire distance.

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TYPES OF POWER STATION �Used the primary fuel to boil the water available to superheated steam fro driving the steam turbine. �The steam turbine is then mechanically couple to an alternator rotor, the rotation of which results in the generation of electric power �Coal-Fired Power Plant �Gas-Fired Power Plant �Oil-Fired Power Plant Source: www. malakoff. com. my

TYPES OF POWER STATION � NUCLEAR POWER STATION �Similar to thermal stations in more ways except radioactive elements like Uranium and thorium are used as the primary fuel in place of coal. �The furnace and the boiler are replaced by the nuclear reactor and the heat exchanger tubes. �For the process, the radioactive fuels are made to undergo fission reaction within the nuclear reactors. �The fission reaction, propagates like a controlled chain reaction and is accompanied by unprecedented amount of energy produced, which is manifested in the form of heat. �This heat is then transfer to the water present in the heat exchanger tubes; super heated steam at very high Source: www. freebeacon. com temperature is produced.

TYPES OF POWER STATION �HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION �The energy of the falling water is utilized to drive the turbine which in turn runs the generator to produce electricity. �Rain falling upon the earth’s surface has potential energy relative to the oceans towards which it flows. �This energy is converted to shaft work where the water falls through an appreciable vertical distance. Source: www. kenyirlakeresorts. c

SUSTAINABLE POWER GENERATION � Specifically renewable energy or green energy, is an energy source which can be replenished, that is essentially inexhaustible. � Sustainable sources of energy include solar, wind, water, biomass and geothermal. � Solar energy �Energy that is sourced from the light or heat radiation coming from the sun � Wind energy �Involves the generation of electricity from the kinetic energy or moving air. � Biomass energy �Burning the biomass creates the heat and steam that spins electricity-making turbines

POWER DISTRIBUTION

POWER TRANSMISSION �Electric power transmission is the process by which electricity is transported over long distances to consumers �transmission normally takes place at high voltage (69 k. V or above). Electricity is usually shipped to a substation near a populated area. �At the substation, the high voltage electricity is converted to lower voltages suitable for consumer use, and then shipped to end users through (relatively) low-voltage electric distribution lines.

TRANSMISSION LINE �Transmission towers are the most visible component of the power transmission system. Their function is to keep the high-voltage conductors (power lines) separated from their surroundings and from each other. �Conductors are the power lines that carry the electricity to and through the grid to consumers. Generally, several conductors are strung on a tower for each electrical circuit.

SUBSTATION �The very high voltages used for electric transmission are converted to lower voltages for consumer use at substations. �Substations vary in size and configuration but may cover several acres; they are cleared of vegetation and typically surfaced with gravel. �They are normally fenced, and are reached by a permanent access road