Elections and Campaigns Campaign and Election Reform Campaign
- Slides: 38
Elections and Campaigns Campaign and Election Reform
Campaign & Election Reform o. Two major types of criticisms have emerged in recent years concerning U. S. campaigns & elections
Campaign & Election Reform o(1) Campaign spending o(2) Local control of the voting process
Campaign Spending o. Spending for campaigns & elections are criticized for many reasons
Campaign Spending o. Last major reforms were passed in 1974 o. Largely as a result of abuses exposed by Watergate scandal
Reform Act of 1974 o. Six-person FEC was formed to oversee election contributions & expenditures & to investigate & prosecute violators
Reform Act of 1974 o. All contributions over $100 must be disclosed—no cash contributions over $100 are allowed o. No foreign contributions are allowed
Reform Act of 1974 o. Individual contributions are limited to: o$1, 000 per candidate o$20, 000 to a national party committee o$5, 000 to a PAC
Reform Act of 1974 o. Corporation or other association is allowed to establish a PAC o. PAC contributions are limited to $5, 000 per candidate & $15, 000 to a national party
Reform Act of 1974 o. Federal matching funds are provided for major candidates in primaries o. All campaign costs of major candidates in the general election were to be paid by the government
Campaign & Election Reform o. After the election of 1996 criticisms of campaigns became so strong that special congressional hearings were called to investigate them
Campaign & Election Reform o. Among the criticisms was the overall expense of both Democratic & Republican campaigns o. More money was spent in 1996 than in any previous campaign
Campaign & Election Reform o. President Clinton & Vice President Gore were criticized for soliciting campaign funds from their offices & the White House
Campaign & Election Reform o. Another major accusation was that contributions were accepted from foreigners (suspected of expecting favors for themselves or their countries in return)
Campaign & Election Reform o. Election finance reform was the major theme of Senator John Mc. Cain’s campaign for the presidency in 2000
Campaign & Election Reform o. Mc. Cain particularly criticized soft money o. Funds not specified for candidates’ campaigns—but given to political parties for “party building” activities
Campaign & Election Reform o. Mc. Cain & many others claimed that this money made its way into campaigns anyway
Campaign & Election Reform o. Although Mc. Cain did not win the Republican nomination, he carried his cause back to the Senate
Campaign & Election Reform o. Partly as a result of the publicity during Mc. Cain’s campaign, a major reform bill passed the Senate in 2001 o. House failed to pass it
Campaign & Election Reform o. Election of 2000 was by far the most expensive in U. S. history
Campaign & Election Reform o. Major reform legislation was finally passed by both houses & signed by President Bush in spring of 2002
Campaign & Election Reform o. Reforms—which had been stalled in the House—were passed partly in response to questions about energy giant Enron & its contributions to both political parties during 2000 campaign
Campaign & Election Reform o. New legislation bans soft money o. But increased individual contributions from $1, 000 to $2, 000 per candidate
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Problems with counting the votes in Florida during the 2000 presidential election led to widespread criticism of long accepted tradition in American politics o. Local control of the voting process
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. When Florida’s votes were first counted, Republican Bush received only a few hundred more votes than did Democrat Gore
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. An automatic recount narrowed the margin of victory further
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Since the outcome of the election rested on Florida’s vote counts, the struggle to determine who actually won was carried under a national spotlight
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. America watched as local officials tried to recount ballots in a system where local voting methods & regulations varied widely
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Some precincts had electronic voting machines known for their accuracy & reliability
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Others used paper punch ballots that often left “hanging chads” o. Those ballots might not be counted by the machines that processed them
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Recount process was governed by the broad principle of determining “intent to vote” that precincts interpreted in different ways
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Important questions were raised: o. Are all votes counted?
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Are votes in poor precincts that cannot afford expensive voting machines less likely to be counted than are those in affluent areas?
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Do variations in voting processes subvert the most basic of all rights in a democracy. . o. The right to vote?
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. These problems existed in most states across the country o. Caused many to suggest national reform of the voting process
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Some advocate nationalizing elections so that all voters use the same types of machines under the same uniform rules
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Others have pressured Congress to provide funds for poor precincts to purchase new voting machines
Election 2000: Local Control of the Voting Process o. Even the Supreme Court— in its Bush v. Gore decision that governed the outcome of the elections—suggested that the states rethink their voting processes
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