EL TIEMPO PRESENTE ESPAOL 2 VERBOS A verb

EL TIEMPO PRESENTE ESPAÑOL 2

VERBOS • A verb usually names an action in a sentence • In Spanish, we call the verb form that ends in –r the infinitive. It means “to _______” • In Spanish, the last letter or letters of the verb tell you who does the action. The verb forms that do NOT end in –r are called conjugations. • To change the infinitive to a conjugation that tells who is doing the action, remove the –ar, -er, or -ir and add the appropriate ending.

VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN -AR • The endings for –ar verbs in the present tense that tell who is doing the action are: Yo Tú Él/ella/ usted -o Nosotros -as Vosotros -a -amos -áis Ellos/ellas/u stedes -an

VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN -ER • The endings of –er verbs in the present tense that tell who is doing the action are: -o -emos -es -éis -e -en

VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN -IR • The endings for –ir verbs in the present tense that tell who is doing the action are: -o -imos -es -ís -e -en

¡PRACTIQUEMOS! • Conjugate the following verbs for the given subjects: Infinitive Ayudar (to help) Infinitive Comer (to eat) Subject (who does the action) Tú (you) Subject Usted (formal you) Conjugation Come Conjugation Ayudas Infinitive Abrir (to open) Infinitive Cocinar (to cook) Subject Nosotros (we) Subject Ellos (they) Conjugation Abrimos Conjugation Cocinan

RAÍCES CAMBIADAS • With stem-changing verbs, we drop the –ar, -er, or -ir from the infinitive which leaves our stem. • Stem-changing verbs have a slight change in the stem and still follow the conjugation pattern of regular verbs • Stem-changing verbs do NOT stem change for nosotros or vosotros Infinitive: Stem-change: Stem: Pod- Pued- Poder (to be able to) Remember o => ue the boot! Yo Tú Conjugations Puedo Nosotros Podemos Puedes Vosotros Podéis Él/ella/usted Puede Ellos/ellas/ustedes Pueden

VERBOS IRREGULARES CON “YO” • Irregular “yo” verbs have a slight change only for the “yo” conjugation. • Aside from the “yo” conjugation, these verbs follow the conjugation pattern of regular verbs. Infinitive: Type of verb: Stem: Hacer (to do, to make) -er Hac- Yo Tú Hago Haces Él/ella/usted Hace Nosotros Hacemos Vosotros Hacéis Ellos/ellas/ustedes Hacen

CASOS ESPECIALES • Ir – “to go” • The verb Ir means “to go” and like the verb Ser it is an irregular verb. This means that it DOES NOT follow the regular conjugation pattern of other –ir verbs. The conjugation for Ir in the present tense is the following: Yo Voy Tú Nosotros Vamos Vosotros Vas Él / ella / usted Va Vais Ellos / ellas / ustedes Van

EL PRESENTE PROGRESIVO • The present progressive tense tells that someone is in the process of doing. We form it by: 1. Conjugation of estar (“to be”) in the present tense Estoy Estamos Estáis Están 1. The gerund of a verb (“-ing” words in English) Hablar Hablando Comer Comiendo Vivir Viviendo

VERBOS REFLEXIVOS • We can use reflexive verbs in all tenses. Reflexive verbs are where the subject does the action to themselves. For example: • Poner – “to put / to set” • Yo pongo la mesa – “I set the table” Not reflexive! • Ponerse – “to put on” • Yo me pongo mis zapatos – “I put on my shoes (on myself)” Reflexive!

VERBOS REFLEXIVOS • Reflexive verbs ALWAYS have reflexive pronouns that go with them. They are: Me Nos Te Os Se Se • Reflexive pronouns go before a conjugated verb or negative command are attached to an infinitive, gerund, or affirmative command. • • • Yo me lavo la cara. ¡No te laves la cara! Yo voy a lavarme las manos. Nosotros estamos lavándonos las caras. ¡Lávate las manos!

¡PRACTIQUEMOS! • Determine if the following verbs are regular, stemchangers, or irregular “yo” verbs. Then conjugate them for all subjects. Poner Irregular “yo” Dormir Stem-changer Pongo Ponemos Duermo Dormimos Pones Ponéis Duermes Dormís Ponen Duermen Despertarse Stem-changer Me despierto Nos despertamos Te despiertas Os despertáis Se despiertan