El presente perfecto Qu es el presente perfecto

El presente perfecto

¿Qué es el presente perfecto? The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past participle

Por ejemplo… n For example: n I have played tennis. n She has sung at weddings. n We have flown in a plane.

Para formar en inglés n To form the present perfect we combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle n For example, “I have been a lifeguard. ” n “I” is the subject n “have” is the helping verb n “been” is the past participle

Para formar en español n In Spanish we form “el presente perfecto” by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle n For example: n Yo he bailado. I have danced. n Nosotros examen. no hemos estudiado para el We haven’t studied for the test.

The present tense of haber he hemos habéis ha han

Remember… How to form the past participle: § For –ar verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ado Example: comprar → comprado § For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido Example: tener → tenido

Para formar… Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar: he estudiado hemos estudiado habéis estudiado han estudiado

Para formar… As you can see I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs) he hemos habéis ha han

…with the past participle of estudiar he estudiado hemos estudiado habéis estudiado han estudiado

Now you try… On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar: he ____ hemos _______ has ____ habéis ________ han ____

Is this what you came up with? he hablado hemos hablado habéis hablado han hablado

Let’s try another… Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar: __ ____ ________ __ ________

Is this what you got? he tomado hemos tomado habéis tomado han tomado

Now let’s try an –er verb See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer: __ ______ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with? he comido hemos comido habéis comido han comido

Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir: __ ___ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with? he ido hemos ido habéis ido han ido

Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. Afterall, it IS a very strange verb! But ir is actually regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle:

Not exactly irregular but… -er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído caer → caído creído leer → leído reír → reído creer → oído traer → traído

Irregulars The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to: abrir → abierto cubrir → cubierto descubrir → descubierto escribir → escrito morir → muerto poner → puesto romper → roto ver → visto volver → vuelto

More irregulars These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho: decir → dicho hacer → hecho

¡Practicamos! See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given. Modelo: yo / decidir → He decidido 1. ella / abrir Ha abierto 2. Marta y yo / tocar Hemos tocado 3. Gonzalo / crecer Ha crecido

4. Tú y tus amigos / reír Han reído ó habéis reído 5. Mis padres / hacer Han hecho 6. Tus abuelos / cubrir Han cubierto 7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribir Han escrito