EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL I Pertemuan III Peranan teori perdagangan

Peranan Teori perdagangan F Analisa faktor penyebab perdagangan F Analisa pola perdagangan F Rumusan

Gravity Model F Tingkat volume perdagangan internasional sangat ditentukan oleh – jarak antara negara,

Gravity Model (cont. ) F Fakta empiris menunjukan bahwa persoalan ukuran ekonomi sangat berkaitan

Fig. 2 -1: Total U. S. Trade with Major Partners, 2006 3 of the

Fig. 2 -2: The Size of European Economies, and the Value of Their Trade

Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi Gravity Model Karakteristik geografi Kebudayaan masyarakat Perbatasan antara negara Multi

Fig. 2 -3: Economic Size and Trade with the United States Source: U. S.

Fig. 2 -4: Canadian Provinces and U. S. States That Trade with British Columbia

Table 2 -3: Trade with British Columbia, as Percent of GDP, 1996 Sumber: Krugman

Fig. 2 -5: The Rise, Fall, and Rise of International Trade Since 1830 Source:

Fig. 2 -6: The Composition of World Trade, 2005 Source: World Trade Organization Sumber:

Table 2 -4: Manufactured Goods as a Percent of Merchandise Trade Sumber: Krugman and

Fig. 2 -7: The Changing Composition of Developing-Country Exports Source: United Nations Council on

Fig. 2 -8: Tradable Industries’ Share of Employment Source: J. Bradford Jensen and Lori

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EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL I Pertemuan III : Peranan teori perdagangan internasional dan Gravity model Ferry Prasetyia, SE. , MApp. Ec

Peranan Teori perdagangan F Analisa faktor penyebab perdagangan F Analisa pola perdagangan F Rumusan kebijakan perdagangan F Perbedaan persepektif terhadap perdagangan F Persoalan dan solusi perdagangan internasional

Gravity Model F Tingkat volume perdagangan internasional sangat ditentukan oleh – jarak antara negara, – ukuran ekonomi negara (GDP) F Dari rumusan diatas dapat diformulasikan sebagai berikut (Krugman and Obsfeld, 2008): Tij = A x Yi x Yj /Dij Dimana: Tij : Nilai perdagangan antara negara i dan j A : konstanta Yi : GDP di negara i Yj : GDP di negara j Dij : jarak antara negara i dan j

Gravity Model (cont. ) F Fakta empiris menunjukan bahwa persoalan ukuran ekonomi sangat berkaitan dengan volume ekspor dan impor – Negara besar memproduksi barang dan jasa lebih banyak, sehingga dapat mengekspor – Negara besar dapat pendapatan dari barang dan jas yang dijual, sehingga masyarakatnya dapat membeli produk impor lebih banyak. Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Fig. 2 -1: Total U. S. Trade with Major Partners, 2006 3 of the top 10 trading partners with the U. S. in 2005 were also the 3 largest European economies: Germany, UK, and France. Source: U. S. Department of Commerce Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Fig. 2 -2: The Size of European Economies, and the Value of Their Trade with the United States Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, European Commission

Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi Gravity Model Karakteristik geografi Kebudayaan masyarakat Perbatasan antara negara Multi National Corporation

Fig. 2 -3: Economic Size and Trade with the United States Source: U. S. Deparment of Commerce, European Commission Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Fig. 2 -4: Canadian Provinces and U. S. States That Trade with British Columbia Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Table 2 -3: Trade with British Columbia, as Percent of GDP, 1996 Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Fig. 2 -5: The Rise, Fall, and Rise of International Trade Since 1830 Source: Richard E. Baldwin and Phillipe Martin, “Two Waves of Globalization: Superficial Similarities, Fundamental Differences, ” in Horst Siebert, ed. , Globalization and Labor (Tubingen: Mohr, 1999). Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Fig. 2 -6: The Composition of World Trade, 2005 Source: World Trade Organization Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Table 2 -4: Manufactured Goods as a Percent of Merchandise Trade Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Fig. 2 -7: The Changing Composition of Developing-Country Exports Source: United Nations Council on Trade and Development Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)

Fig. 2 -8: Tradable Industries’ Share of Employment Source: J. Bradford Jensen and Lori G. Kletzer, “Tradable Services: Understanding the Scope and Impact of Services Outsourcing, ” Peterson Institute of Economics Working Paper 5 -09, May 2005 Sumber: Krugman and Obsfeld (2008)