Einsteins Theory of Relativity Alexander Relativity Early Thought

Einstein’s Theory of Relativity Alexander

Relativity Early Thought

Main Points of Relativity

Space-Time Continuum Einstein reasoned that space and time were one in the same. n You can’t move through space without moving through time vice versa. n

Motion is relative Consider the flash running side by side n with a bullet. How fast do you think the flash sees the bullet moving. n How fast do you think an outside observer sees the flash moving. n

Speed of Light (c) is a constant c= 3. 0 e 8 m/s n c= 186, 000 mi/s n c= 670, 616, 629 mi/hr n

Your Relative Speed 0 m/s relative to your chair n 400 m/s relative to earth center (rotation) n 30, 000 m/s relative to the sun (orbit) n 220, 000 m/s relative to the galaxy center (orbit) n 370, 000 m/s relative to the CMB cosmic wallpaper n

Speed of Light is Constant

Time is Relative

Skeptical Still You Are?

Cassini Space Probe

Time Dialation is Applicable to Biological Systems

Time Dilation Problems

Twin Paradox

Practice Problem n Angelica and Laura are twins that are 17 years of age. Angelica takes a place flight at. 99 c the speed of light. If she is taking a 10 year roundtrip, how much younger will she be than Laura when she returns?

Quotes Science without religion is lame. Religion without science is blind. " n "Great spirits have often encountered violent " opposition from weak minds. " n "Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school. " n "Equations are more important to me, because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity. " n

Special Effects of Relativity

Wormhole Shortcuts Through space And time n

Space-Time

Most Popular Wormhole

Length Contraction For relativistic speeds, length contraction is related to time dilation n A meter stick traveling at. 87 c would appear. 5 m in length. n A meter stick traveling. 995 c would appear 1/10 its length n

Mass Increases n Mass increases exponentially as speed increases. n An on object travelling the speed of light would have infinite mass

Unification of Energy and mass

Proof of Loads of Energy in small packages

Einstein’s thoughts n All objects, even objects at rest have an “energy of being” called rest energy n Einstein believed that Energy is required to make mass, and that energy is created when mass disappears.

Our Sun 4 million tons of rest mass is converted to energy in the sun n At this rate it will take 1 million years for ten millionth of sun’s rest mass to be converted n Can you calculate the total amount of energy in the sun? n

Big things in small packages

Nuclear Explosion Dissected. 5 seconds after explosion, the central core of the blast reaches the temperature at the core of the sun (15, 000 K). n Anything at this level is instantly vaporized n

Pressure Wave A pressure wave is produced from the tremendous amounts of energy released n Creates a superheated wall of air that travels several times the speed of sound n Imagine wind hitting at 10 psi. n (That’s 10 lbs. of force over every square inch of your body) n

Sample pressure wave

Thermal Radiation Individuals lucky enough to survive the pressure wave are exposed to 1000 W of thermal radiation over every square cm of your body. n This is the equivalent of burning every square cm of your body with an acetylene torch at once. (Acetylene gas burns at 3, 480 o. C) n

Ionizing Radiation n n Those far enough from the blast to avoid the high heat and pressure waves must deal with ionizing radiation. Causes damage to DNA, immune system, and ultimately organ failure. 5 rem/year is considered tolerable for workers Persons in a nuclear explosion would be exposed 1000 rem in an instant. (80% of contracting some form of cancer) The environment also becomes radioactive

Radiation Sickness

Iran Issue

If this wasn’t bad enough… It also emits a wide range EMP

Mushroom Cloud Anatomy

Where are these technologies located?

Let’s think about this n E=mc^2 The speed of light squared (c^2) is n 90 quadrillion (9 E 6 Joules/kilogram) n Even a speck of dust would have 90 billion joules n

Energy Equation at work How much energy does a 10 kg bowling ball possess according to Einstein?

E=m c 2 n c=3 X 108 m/s n m=10 kg n E= 10 kg *( 3 x 108 m/s)2 n E= n