Egypt We will be taking the Egypt Pretest

Egypt • We will be taking the Egypt Pretest. • Get chromebook (don’t open), silent reading book, writing utensil and a data sheet from the front table. • Silent Read until Pretest. • After pretest, complete data sheet (#2) Schedule: Pretest with data Video Title page (HW)

Geography of Egypt

What can we learn from this image?

What can we learn from this image? • Where do you think the majority of the people lived? • Describe what the Green and Tan areas of the map? • How could the location of Egypt help it grow into a great civilization?

Ancient Egyptian Song “Hail O Nile, who comes from the earth, who comes to give life to the people of Egypt”

What are the benefits of living near a river? • • Water to drink Water for farming Washing Transportation Fishing Hunting animals Mud for building

The Nile • Longest river in the world • 4145 miles • Flows to the north from the Ethiopian high lands to the Mediterranean sea. • Begins as two separate rivers-Blue and White Nile • Lower Egypt-North Egypt near the delta • Upper Egypt-South of Memphis

The Nile • Lower Egypt. North Egypt near the delta. North of Memphis • Upper Egypt. South of Memphis

The Delta • A delta is the land at the mouth of a river that is formed by mud and sand as it is deposited by a large river.

Nile Delta from Space

Herodotus “Gifts of The Nile” • About 2, 500 years ago, Herodotus, a Greek visitor to ancient Egypt called Egypt the “Gifts of The Nile”. • The gifts of the Nile were very important to the Egyptians. • What are the Gifts?

Herodotus Gifts of the Nile #1 -Silt Black Soil/Silt that was left by the floods. >The Silt recharged the soil > Allowed Farmers to grow a surplus of crops.

Kemet • The Egyptians called their land Kemet or the Black Land. • They called it Kemet because of the rich black farm land (silt).

Herodotus Gifts of the Nile #2 -Papyrus • Papyrus- Large reed that grew wild along the river. • They used it to make mats, boats, baskets, ropes, sandals… • Strips glued together in sheets made paper. Long sheet is a scroll.

Irrigation • Each year the river would flood. • Heavy rains and melting snow from central Africa caused the floods • Nile floods were gentle and dependable compared to Mesopotamia.

Irrigation To take advantage of the annual flooding of the Nile, the people built irrigation channels to carry water into fields

Shaduff- Irrigation tool

Natural Boundaries • The Sahara Desert (Eastern and Western Deserts) are located next to the Nile. • The Mediterranean Sea to the North • Red Sea to the East. • 6 Cataracts throughout the Nile. • Cataracts are rapids, waterfalls. Made transportation difficult in some areas.

Ancient Egypt Vocabulary

Nile River The longest river in the world. The lifeblood of Ancient Egypt.

Delta A triangle shaped area of land made of soil deposited by a river

Pharaoh The title used by the rulers of Egypt, means “Great House”

Dynasty A series of rulers from the same family

Afterlife An important part of Egyptian religion…it was the continued life of one’s soul after death

Mummies Special treated (preserved) bodies wrapped in cloth so they could use them in the afterlife.

Pyramids Large stone pointed structure with four triangle walls that met in a point on top…built as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens

Import Goods brought In to your area by other regions

Export Goods that Exit your area to other regions

Hieroglyphics The Ancient Egyptian writing system

Rosetta Stone A stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics that provided the key to the modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

1. Economy- the way a country uses resources to produce and sell or trade goods and services to meet people’s needs and wants. 2. Imports- to bring in from an external sources. 3. Export- items sent to other regions for trade. 4. Nile River- the longest river in world flowing through Africa. 5. Sarcophagus- a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone 6. Mummy- a specially treated body wrapped in cloth for preservation. 7. Papyrus- a long-lasting paper-like material made from reeds in ancient Egypt. 8. Pharaoh- the title used for rulers of Egypt. 9. Hieroglyphics- The Ancient Egyptian writing system 10. Afterlife- An important part of Egyptian religion…it was the continued life of one’s soul after death

Warm-up Thursday 11/19 –Don’t write out. Use image to answer. #1 - What do you see in the image? #2 - What do you think this was used for? #3 - Why do you think the artifact or person/object on the artifact was important to this civilization? #4 - What conclusions could we make about the civilization based on what we see?

Rotation Response Rotation #1 - What do you see in the image? What do you notice and what do you know about what you see in the image? Rotation #2 - Read what the last person wrote. Can you add anything to what they wrote? What do you think this artifact was used for? Rotation #3 - Why do you think the artifact or person/object on the artifact was important to this civilization? What questions do you have about this image? Rotation #4 - What conclusions could we make about the civilization based on what we see in this artifact? Final Rotation- Discuss images as a group, pick one and write a caption for it on the sticky note provided. Be ready to share.

The Ancient Egyptians Written and Illustrated by Phillip Martin

The Ancient Egyptians Define: Nile River The Egyptian civilization grew up along the Nile River, the longest river in the world at 4135 m or 6670 km. Ancient Egyptians called it the Great River and believed the tears of Isis caused the river to overflow each year.

The Ancient Egyptians Most of the leaders of Egypt were men called Pharaohs. But, there were three women pharaohs. The term pharaoh means “great house” because the Egyptians believed the king’s body was the home of a god. What does the term “pharaoh” mean? Why?

The Ancient Egyptians There were also queens and probably the most famous of all of them was Cleopatra VII. She wasn’t even Egyptian! The family of Ptolemy I was from a. Where linewasof Greeks Cleopatra from? time of going back to the Alexander the Great and they ruled the land of Egypt from 323 – 30 BC.

The Ancient Egyptians Most of the pyramids in Ancient Egypt were built for the Pharaohs and their families. So far, over 130 pyramids have been discovered in the land of the Pharaohs.

The Ancient Egyptians The largest of all pyramids is Giza’s Pyramid of Khufu. It was built in 2560 BC. The weight of this massive structure is as much as eighteen Empire State Buildings! What was the biggest Pyramid? Compare this pyramid to a structure in the US.

The Ancient Egyptians Mummies were not made to create scary monsters at the movies. Egyptians believed that mummification of the body would preserve the soul in the after-life. Unwrapped, a mummy’s bandages can stretch for almost a mile (1. 6 km)! Why did Egyptians mummify the dead?

The Ancient Egyptians Define: Hieroglyphics The Egyptian form of writing with symbols is called hieroglyphics. That word isn’t Egyptian. It comes from the Greek words hieros (sacred) and glyphe (carving). They coined this term because of the writing in Egyptian temples.

The Ancient Egyptians Egyptian invented glass blowing, sails, locks, the calendar and were one of the first civilizations to produce writing (with papyrus and black ink). They loved to play games too. Some of the games were for adults and some were for the whole family. Nobody played bingo. What are 3 things invented by the Egyptians?

The Ancient Egyptians The Egyptians took their fashion seriously. Both men and women wore make up as well as wigs. Make up was considered both magical and healing. Kohl, applied to the eyes, reduced the sun’s glare.

The Ancient Egyptians Historians divide the history of Egypt into three periods: The Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom. The kingdoms started around 3000 BC and continued until they fell to the Roman Empire in 30 BC. What were the 3 periods in Ancient Egypt?

The Ancient Egyptians The Egyptians had many gods and goddesses. In fact, there were more than 2, 000 of them! To learn about some of the main gods, visit this presentation on the Gods of Ancient Egypt.

Warm up 11/30 –Don’t write out! A monument to Queen Hatshepsut stands in ancient Egypt’s largest temple in Thebes. Inscriptions highlight the trading voyage to Punt as the greatest achievement of her reign. The list of goods the trade ships brought back includes gold and ivory, live animals and thousands of animal skins, logs of ebony wood, and a substance called myrrh, which was used to make incense and perfume. There were also live myrrh trees the queen had planted in the garden of a temple. The Hatshepsut inscription emphasizes the importance of trade to the Egyptian economy and people. • How did Egypt’s geography make it easy for Egypt to trade with other civilizations? • What does this example of ancient Egypt show us about the importance of trade to the development of a civilization? Be sure to provide details and examples in your answer.

Warm-up Tuesday 12/1 1) How does the annual flooding of the Nile affect farmers in the Nile River Valley? A) It makes it difficult for farmers to get their crops to market. B) It enriches the soil with new nutrients carried in from upriver. C) It destroys whatever crops have not been harvested by late spring. D) It enables them to grow a crop of rice between the harvest of other crops. 2) Egypt’s first pharaoh A) established a democratic government B) reformed Egypt’s main form of religion C) unified the people living along the Nile D) increased trade with peoples in the Middle East 3) What was one focus of Queen Hatshepsut’s rule? A) expanding foreign trade B) enlarging Egyptian territory C) reducing the power of male officials D) ending power struggles between cities

Wednesday 12/2 1) (don’t write out) The grand vizier, whose power was second only to that of the pharaoh, was in charge of the ministry of agriculture. Other government officials were responsible for managing the fields or livestock. (write out)The information presented above best supports A) the use of slave labor to build irrigation systems B) the need for a strong military to protect trade routes C) the government’s central role in managing farming D) the importance of using public food supplies to prevent starvation. 2) Which group had the highest social status during the reign of the pharaohs? A) temple priests B) wealthy merchants C) government scribes D) high-ranking soldiers 3) Which statement describes the major difference between peasants and other farmers in ancient Egypt? A) Peasants were not allowed to participate in the same religious rituals. B) Peasants did not own the land that they farmed and worked on. C) Peasants lived in remote villages in houses made of mud-bricks. D) Peasants were required to work on the pharaoh’s building projects such as the pyramids.

Sarcophagus Rubric ____/20 at least 3 -4 solid paragraphs about the article(s) that you read annotated ____/15 Colorful Sarcophagus front-side. ____/5 Hieroglyphics included (not random symbols) ____/10 A face included with a headdress ____/50 Total Due Monday 12/8!!! This is a FORMAL Grade.

1) Warm Up Friday 12/4 (do not write out) The discovery of Tutankhamen’s tomb provided archaeologists with many artifacts that were very useful in helping them better understand ancient Egyptian life. (write out) Which statement best explains why Tutankhamen’s tomb was special? A) Tutankhamen ruled Egypt longer than any other pharaoh. B) Little had been known about this period in Egyptian history. C) Egyptian historians had not mentioned the location of this tomb. D) This tomb still contained everything that had originally been placed inside. 2) Which statement best explains why Tutankhamen’s tomb was filled with so many different items from everyday Egyptian life? A) Egyptians buried servants alive in their pharaoh’s tombs. B) Egyptians believed that the afterlife was similar to life on Earth. C) Egyptians often used their burial tombs as storage for surplus goods. D) Egyptians wanted to leave a record of their culture for future peoples to discover. 3) Ancient Egyptians mummified the deceased to A) preserve bodies for life in the underworld B) prevent the god Seth from destroying their souls C) preserve bodies for research purposes D) prevent the smell of decomposition

Warm Up 12/7 1) What did the tradition of mummifying the dead give ancient Egyptian doctors? A) a wide knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs B) the ability to fix broken bones and cure unhealthy teeth C) a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the human body D) the chance to use trial and error to test out new methods of curing the sick 2) Archaeologists who have studied X-rays of mummies have concluded that ancient Egyptian doctors could conduct which medical procedure? A) remove tumors B) install false teeth C) set broken bones D) transplant organs

Warm up 12/8 1) Which statement best explains why Egypt had multiple trade relationships with other civilizations? A) Egypt had mineral resources that other civilizations did not. B) Egypt was able to grow grains and food that other civilizations needed. C) Egyptians needed to import most necessities in order to survive. 2) Which two activities were most important to the strength of the ancient Egyptian economy? A) farming and trade B) mining and tool-making C) shipbuilding and fishing 3) Which resident of ancient Egypt would most likely have been enslaved? A) B) C) a craftsperson who carves a statue that insults the pharaoh a foreign diplomat who brings news that displeases the pharaoh an enemy soldier who is captured in a battle with the army

Warm Up 12/9 Copy and complete the statements: (use old warm-ups and notes to help) 1. Ancient Egyptians buried their most prized possessions with them because… 2. Ancient Egyptians were able to trade for a lot of goods they didn’t have because… 3. Ancient Egyptians mummified the deceased because… 4. King Tut’s tomb was special because….

Warm Up 12/10 copy question and answer 1. Which device from today is most similar to what ancient Egyptians used? a. Lawnmower b. calculator c. scale 2. What was papyrus? 3. How did ancient Egyptians use papyrus?

Warm-up 12/11 Use yesterday’s reading/notes to help you. (Write them out and answer) 1) What geographic feature did Kush share with Egypt? 2) Why is Kush also called Nubia? 3) Who did Kush trade with?

Write a “Thank You” Card in Hieroglyphics Step #1: Choose anyone you want to write a thank you card to. This can be a friend, family member, teacher, etc. Write down what you want your card to say in English on a sheet of loose leaf for a rough draft. Step #2: Fold your construction paper in half. Use pencil to write your message on your card. Go over the symbols in marker. [Hint: Make sure you write your symbols large enough for people to read!] Step #3: Glue down the hieroglyphics code sheet on the card. Step #4: Decorate your card. Be creative!