EGYPT THE KINGDOMS Global History Honors Spiconardi The
EGYPT: THE KINGDOMS Global History Honors: Spiconardi
The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) �Egyptian Culture �Unthreatened by outside invaders �Although Egypt was in contact with lands as far away as Afghanistan and Mesopotamia
The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) �Nomes �Prior to the unification of Egypt under Narmer, Egypt was divided into nomes �Nomes independent citystates; under unification they were administrative divisions
The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) �The Pharaoh � The rulers of Egypt had various titles � Pharaoh originally referred to the royal palace � The ruler was worshipped by a cult �The ruler was deemed a living god during this period �Had absolute power during the Old Kingdom Djoser, pharaoh of the third dynasty
The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) �Pyramids were only built during the Old Kingdom �First pyramids were step-like The pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara designed by vizier and polymath, Imhotep
The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) � Pyramids � Under Khufu pyramid building took on form you most associate with Egyptian pyramids � Pyramids were costly and very visible �Easy targets for robbers
The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) �Egypt’s Golden Age �Trade, arts, literature flourished at this time �Egypt built up its army to protect itself from invaders �Pharaoh �Near the end of the Old Kingdom, the pharaoh Pepi II gave away pharaonic power �The pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom wasn’t as powerful, but was expected to be a wise and good ruler
The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) �Tombs � The rising cost of pyramids and increased robbery led to the development of a new resting place for Egypt’s kings � The Valley of the Kings �Series of hidden tombs to avoid robbery located in Thebes
The Valley of the Kings (discovered tombs)
The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) �Hyksos Invasion �Marks the end of the Middle Kingdom �Benefits �Improved Egyptian bronze casting �Future pharaohs borrow Hyksos chariot fighting technique �Hyksos preserved papyri of Egyptian medical texts
The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) �Reunification �Under Ahmose, the Hyksos were defeated and Upper and Lower Egypt were reunified
The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) �Period of Chaos �The Reign of Akhenaten (King Tut’s father) �Changed the Egyptian religion to worship one god, Aten
The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) �Invasion of the Hittites, Assyrians and “Sea Peoples” § Constant state of war led to the depletion of the treasury �For the next thousand years Egypt was dominated by § Libyans § Nubians § Persians § Macedonians
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