Egypt Middle and New Kingdom Middle kingdom Around

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Egypt Middle and New Kingdom

Egypt Middle and New Kingdom

Middle kingdom • Around 2050 BC a new dynasty from the south restored order

Middle kingdom • Around 2050 BC a new dynasty from the south restored order in the south establishing the Middle Kingdom. • During this time Pharaohs established an interest in the common people of Egypt. • Common people were able to go through the mummification process therefore accessing the same afterlife that was only a noble privilege.

Major projects • The pharaohs took on the task of draining the Nile Delta

Major projects • The pharaohs took on the task of draining the Nile Delta and creating thousands of acres of new farm land. • They built a canal that connected the nile to the Read Sea making trade and transportation more beneficial for Egyptian civilization. • They built temples at Luxar and Karnak near the new capital city of Thebes.

Contact with other civilizations • During the Middle Kingdom Egypt expanded its borders and

Contact with other civilizations • During the Middle Kingdom Egypt expanded its borders and increased contact with others civilizations. • Pharaohs sent trade expeditions to Kush, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Crete. • This contact many benefits to Egyptian culture…The Tail of Sinuhe was a story of Egyptian travel. (Sinbad the Sailor)

The Hykos • From western Asia the Hykos streamed across the Sinai Peninsula into

The Hykos • From western Asia the Hykos streamed across the Sinai Peninsula into northern Egypt. • Because the chaos of a series of weak Pharaohs the Egyptians were unable to repel the Hykos and they were able to conquer Egypt using horses and chariots. • For 200 years the Hykos ruled Egypt teaching Egyptians military tactics and the use of hor 4 ses and chariots. • By 1570 nobles were able to expel the Hykos and establish a new dynasty.

The New Kingdom • Egypt flourished • Kingdom stretched from Kush to the Euphrates

The New Kingdom • Egypt flourished • Kingdom stretched from Kush to the Euphrates river • This period territorial gain and the looting of riches was called the Empire age • During this period the first female ruler Hatshepsut • For 22 years she controlled an area that was rich with an extensive trade route

Thutmose III • Son of Hatshepsut • Military conquest that increased the empire to

Thutmose III • Son of Hatshepsut • Military conquest that increased the empire to it’s greatest size • Conquered Palestine and Syria • Recorded military conquest on walls of stone temples • He had a superior navy that conquered many territories along the Meditarrian

Amenhotep • Monotheistic theory of religion, wanted to have Egyptians only one god Aton

Amenhotep • Monotheistic theory of religion, wanted to have Egyptians only one god Aton • Once he convinced priests to remove symbols of all other gods from temples • Changes his name to Akenaton • Creates serious division in Egypt • Dies in 1361 BC • Power goes to his 8 year old son-in-law

Tutahkhamon • Boy ruler • Drops Aton’s name for Amon • Returns Egypt to

Tutahkhamon • Boy ruler • Drops Aton’s name for Amon • Returns Egypt to traditional religious practices • Dies at a early age • Is succeeded by Rames II

Rames II • Continues the conquest of lands and peoples • 67 year reign

Rames II • Continues the conquest of lands and peoples • 67 year reign • Revives empire by battling the Hittites of Asia Minor • So great are his victories he raises monuments in his honor

Decline of Egyptian rule • By 1090 BC there is eternal turmoil and civil

Decline of Egyptian rule • By 1090 BC there is eternal turmoil and civil wars that leave Egypt too weak to fight invaders • The Sea peoples from Aegean gain the Nile delta • Followed by the Persians and the Assyrians both groups conquer Egypt • In 331 BC Alexander the Great conquers the Nile lands • Queen Cleopatra was the last ruler who tried to return Egypt to greatness • In 31 BC the Romans defeated Cleopatra's forces and Egypt is absorbed by the Roman empire