Effects of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation on the

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Effects of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation on the Hematological Parameters in Medical Imaging and

Effects of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation on the Hematological Parameters in Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Technologists of Selected Governmental Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia By: Eden Giragn (MSc)

Introduction X-ray & gamma-ray electromagnetic ionizing radiation short wavelength & high frequency X-rays and

Introduction X-ray & gamma-ray electromagnetic ionizing radiation short wavelength & high frequency X-rays and gamma rays = destroy living cells, cause chromosomal aberrations impose carcinogenic impact Occupational exposure = diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy (http: //Radiology. Info. org , Muller K. 2014, Thariat J. et al, 2013)

Statement of the problem Lymphohematopoietic system = the most radiosensitive • Suppression of hematopoiesis

Statement of the problem Lymphohematopoietic system = the most radiosensitive • Suppression of hematopoiesis & immune function = lifethreatening • Mortality from leukemia ↑ radiologists & radiographers • 7, 000 deaths of leukemia =occupational carcinogens • Cancer mortality, ERR for leukemia of radiation = higher No matter how small, radiation exposure always increases the risk of cancer (Leuraud K. et al, 2015, Wang J. et al, 2006, Wall BF. et al, 2006)

Objectives v General objective ü evaluate the effects of low dose ionizing radiation v

Objectives v General objective ü evaluate the effects of low dose ionizing radiation v Specific objective ü compare means of complete blood count parameters ü determine morphological abnormalities ü determine the association (age, sex, work experience)

Materials and Methods A comparative cross-sectional study (Oct 2015 - June 2016) Source population

Materials and Methods A comparative cross-sectional study (Oct 2015 - June 2016) Source population Study population Controls Inclusion and exclusion criteria Sampling method Sample size determination Data collection procedure Hematological analysis

Significant t-test CBC values t-test for equality of means 95% confidence interval of the

Significant t-test CBC values t-test for equality of means 95% confidence interval of the difference Parameters T WBC -2. 739 MCH 2. 329 PDW 2. 868 MPV 3. 077 P-LCR 3. 356 LYMPH -3. 777 MONO BASO -3. 027 -2. 347 p-value 0. 007 0. 02 0. 005 0. 002 0. 001 0. 000 0. 003 0. 020 Lower Upper Most radiosensitive cells Italy (Caciari T. et al, 2012), Iran (PDW & P-LCR but not (Godekmerdan A. et al-0. 23025 , 2004) Iran (Davoudi M. et al, Pakistani study -1. 41635 MPV) (Khorrami MB. et al, 2008), Pakistan (Shahid S. et al, 2014) 0. 07950 0. 96226 2015) Egypt (Salih MA. et al, 2013) al, 2014), Sudan (Wagiallah Thrombocytopenia & P-LCR Sudan (Waggiallah HA et al, 2013) 0. 26205 al, 2011) 1. 41773 HA. et (Babu E. et al, 2004) 0. 19365 0. 88635 1. 16267 4. 48177 -0. 51345 -0. 16106 0. 14023 0. 02956 -0. 00982 -0. 00085 6

Frequency of atypical lymphocytes in radiation exposed and control group in the Eight Hospitals,

Frequency of atypical lymphocytes in radiation exposed and control group in the Eight Hospitals, Addis Ababa, April-May, 2016 Atypical lymphocyte s No (%) Normal Total 95% Iran (Mohammed MR. et al, 2014) cells t-test p-value Confidence interval Different cellular responses (Nayak RR. et al, 2014) Exposed 65 (71. 43%) 26(28. 57%) 91 Lower Upper 11. 528 0. 000 0. 528 0. 746 Atypical lymphocytosis in viral, chronic Unexposed 7 (7. 69%) 84(92. 31%) 91 bacterial infections & drug interaction (Venugopal S. et al, 2008) 7

Blood film of radiation exposed worker showing atypical lymphocytes, oil immersion X 1000

Blood film of radiation exposed worker showing atypical lymphocytes, oil immersion X 1000

Effect size determination using Cohen’s d Parameters Cohen’s d value Effect size WBC MCH

Effect size determination using Cohen’s d Parameters Cohen’s d value Effect size WBC MCH PDW MPV P-LCR LYMPH MONO BASO Atypical lymphocytosis 0. 2 0. 345 0. 22 0. 458 0. 562 0. 45 0. 351 1. 69 Small effect Medium effect Large effect Medium effect Large effect 9

Association of the independent variables with cell morphology Abnormal Morphology Variables Sex Age in

Association of the independent variables with cell morphology Abnormal Morphology Variables Sex Age in Group Pearson Chi-Square p-value Iran (Mohammed MR. et al, 2014), 0. 005 0. 945 2. 892 0. 409 Indonesia (Shahid S. et al, 2014) Work Experience 7. 922 0. 094 Use of Protective equipment 4. 867 0. 182 Hospital 4. 052 0. 774 10

Conclusion and Recommendation WBC, MCH, MPV, PDW, P-LCR, LYMPH, MONO, BASO statistically significant difference

Conclusion and Recommendation WBC, MCH, MPV, PDW, P-LCR, LYMPH, MONO, BASO statistically significant difference Atypical lymphocytosis - 65/91 (exposed) , 7/91 (unexposed) More standard system of radiation protection Regular check-up of the hematologic parameters TLD badge & regular record of readings Cohort type researches

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