EFFECTIVE ECONOMIC SURFACTANTS FOR IOR Oil Chem Technologies

WHAT COMES TO MIND WHEN THE PRODUCTION OF YOUR WELLS START TO DECLINE?

Primary Recovery Secondary Recovery Tertiary Recovery Thermal Gas Chemical

IOR BY CHEMICAL FLOOD Never really took off the ground for the past two

However, Extensive lab evaluations support the feasibility of chemical flooding n Field data proves

Select the proper project n Utilize the expertise of all involved n Chemical optimization

OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES WHAT MAKES US DIFFERENT…. . . § State-of-the-art IOR surfactants §

PRESENTATION OUTLINE n n n Why do we need surfactant ASP LASP Super Surfactant

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPILLARY NUMBER AND OIL RECOVERY Nc = µ / Nc = Capillary

ADVANTAGES § Field Proven § Consistent quality § Low concentration required § One component

SHO-VEL-TUM FIELD n n n On production > 40 yrs, extensive water flood, produced

OIL SATURATION AFTER ASP INJECTION SPE 84904

ORS-46 HF ORS-62 HF(2) ORS-41 HF ORS-97 SS-7593 ORS-62 SS-B 6688 ORS-57 HF ORS-41

SELECTED REFERENCES USING ORS SURFACTANTS § SPE 84904, 84075, 71491, 57288, 49018, 36748 §

LOW ALKALI SURFACTANT POLYMER FLOOD (LASP)

ASP - POTENTIAL PROBLEMS? After extensive ASP flood in China, results were successful, however:

ASP n n n n LASP Combines the advantages of ASP and SP Use

ASP vs. LASP Common ASP: 0. 1% surf. / 1. 0% Na. OH Common

LASP - IFT vs. % Na. OH 0. 1% ORS-62 HF, TDS ~ 3,

ADVANTAGES § Super Effective • Ultra-Low concentration required (0. 02% - 0. 2%) •

ADVANTAGES - Continued § Super Tolerant • High TDS brine • High divalent cations

ADVANTAGES - Continued § Super Savings • • Surfactant Alkali Polymer Water treatment Sludge

SS IN HIGH SALINITY BRINE TDS ~190, 000 ppm, Ca, Mg ~ 95, 000

SS IN HIGH TEMP. HEAVY CRUDE TDS ~ 250 PPM, TEMP. ~ 100 C,

SELECTED REFERENCES USING SS SURFACTANTS n SPE 75186 – SPE IOR Meeting, April, 2002

IOR BY SURFACTANT ADSORPTION-DESORPTION Surfactant lost through adsorption n Changes disadvantage to advantage n

IOR BY SURFACTANT ADSORPTION-DESORPTION w A/S/W A/S/A J. Pet. Sci. & Eng. 2004

IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENT Residual surfactant, polymer, alkali present in the effluent n

IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENT 0. 15% ORS-62 HF, 1. 0% Na. OH, 1000

SMART SURFACTANT n n n n One component system Provides low IFT and proper

35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg 0. 1% surfactant 0. 6% smart surfactant

ENLARGED FIELD FLOOD n Raw material supply • Source • Availability n Manufacturing Location

NEW ARYL ALKYL SULFONIC ACID (AASA) US PATENT NO. 6, 043, 391

ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA Abundant raw material supply n Can be made in large

CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESS Conventional Olefin + Aromatic Alkylate + SO 3 Alkylate AASA

CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESS (80, 000 MT/Yr) Equipment CONVENTIONAL PROCESS NEW PROCESS Alkylation Unit

Need Recommendations for surfactants ? To: Oil Chem Technologies Total Bill SS-7593 = $

OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES l l We care about our customers Your success is our

THANK YOU ! Oil Chem Technologies, Inc. 13013 Jess Pirtle Blvd. Sugar Land, TX

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EFFECTIVE & ECONOMIC SURFACTANTS FOR IOR Oil Chem Technologies, Inc. Sugar Land, TX

WHAT COMES TO MIND WHEN THE PRODUCTION OF YOUR WELLS START TO DECLINE?

Primary Recovery Secondary Recovery Tertiary Recovery Thermal Gas Chemical

IOR BY CHEMICAL FLOOD Never really took off the ground for the past two decades: - Reasons? Sensitivity to oil price n Large up-front investment n Unpredictable return on investment n

However, Extensive lab evaluations support the feasibility of chemical flooding n Field data proves chemical flooding is an effective way to recover residual oil n New chemicals and processes open the door for new opportunities n

HOW TO REACH SUCCESS?

Select the proper project n Utilize the expertise of all involved n Chemical optimization n Cost efficiency n Evaluate the lab results n Select the best process n Start the project n

OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES WHAT MAKES US DIFFERENT…. . . § State-of-the-art IOR surfactants § Many years of research & industrial experience § Field proven products § Customized products for each project • One process or product doesn’t fit all

PRESENTATION OUTLINE n n n Why do we need surfactant ASP LASP Super Surfactant New products & new ideas • IOR by adsorption-desorption • IOR by recycling effluent • Smart Surfactant n Scaling up • New arylalkyl sulfonate

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPILLARY NUMBER AND OIL RECOVERY Nc = µ / Nc = Capillary Number = Darcy Velocity µ = Viscosity = Interfacial Tension Chatzis and Morrow, SPEJ, (1994) 561.

ASP SURFACTANTS ORS & ORS-HF SERIES

ADVANTAGES § Field Proven § Consistent quality § Low concentration required § One component system § Low viscosity

SHO-VEL-TUM FIELD n n n On production > 40 yrs, extensive water flood, produced 4 bbl/day ASP started on 2/98, using Na 2 CO 3 and ORS 62 Total incremental oil > 10, 444 bbl in 1. 3 years SPE 84904

OIL SATURATION AFTER ASP INJECTION SPE 84904

ORS-46 HF ORS-62 HF(2) ORS-41 HF ORS-97 SS-7593 ORS-62 SS-B 6688 ORS-57 HF ORS-41 HF INJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTS

SELECTED REFERENCES USING ORS SURFACTANTS § SPE 84904, 84075, 71491, 57288, 49018, 36748 § Hart’s Petroleum Engineering International, Dec. 1998. § DOE/PC/910087 -0328 (OSTI ID: 3994)

LOW ALKALI SURFACTANT POLYMER FLOOD (LASP)

ASP - POTENTIAL PROBLEMS? After extensive ASP flood in China, results were successful, however: n n n Alkali causes corrosion of the equipment Scale forms in the formation Produced wells plugged and require fracturing treatment to produce oil again Alkali is detrimental to polymer viscosity Extra polymer, Na. OH and maintenance costs SPE 71492, 71061

ASP n n n n LASP Combines the advantages of ASP and SP Use 0. 1 – 0. 6% alkali Reduces surfactant adsorption Reduces polymer degradation Reduce the maintenance cost Reduce the scale formation Reduces the total cost of the treatment

ASP vs. LASP Common ASP: 0. 1% surf. / 1. 0% Na. OH Common LASP: 0. 1% surf. / 0. 2% Na. OH ASP LASP $0. 63 $0. 29 Polymer Cost Due to Na. OH $$$ $ Equipment Corrosion $$$ $ Scale Formation $$$ $ AS, $ / bbl

LASP - IFT vs. % Na. OH 0. 1% ORS-62 HF, TDS ~ 3, 500 ppm, API Gravity ~ 40, Temp ~ 40 C,

SUPER SURFACTANTS SS Series

ADVANTAGES § Super Effective • Ultra-Low concentration required (0. 02% - 0. 2%) • Provides ultra-low IFT § Super Convenient • • No alkali is required No water treatment is required

ADVANTAGES - Continued § Super Tolerant • High TDS brine • High divalent cations • High temperatures

ADVANTAGES - Continued § Super Savings • • Surfactant Alkali Polymer Water treatment Sludge disposal Surface equipment Potential scale formation Equipment maintenance

SS IN HIGH SALINITY BRINE TDS ~190, 000 ppm, Ca, Mg ~ 95, 000 ppm Temp. ~ 50 C, API Gravity ~ 35

SS IN HIGH TEMP. HEAVY CRUDE TDS ~ 250 PPM, TEMP. ~ 100 C, API GRAVITY ~15

SELECTED REFERENCES USING SS SURFACTANTS n SPE 75186 – SPE IOR Meeting, April, 2002 n SPE 80237 – SPE Oil Field Chemistry Meeting, Feb. , 2003

ON-GOING LAB EVALUATION STAGE PROJECTS

IOR BY SURFACTANT ADSORPTION-DESORPTION Surfactant lost through adsorption n Changes disadvantage to advantage n Desorbing the adsorbed surfactant n Reduce IFT n Recovers additional oil n J. Pet. Sci. & Eng. 2004

IOR BY SURFACTANT ADSORPTION-DESORPTION w A/S/W A/S/A J. Pet. Sci. & Eng. 2004

IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENT Residual surfactant, polymer, alkali present in the effluent n Process identifies chemicals in effluent and recycles back to reservoir n Savings on chemical costs n Savings on disposal & treatment costs n Recovers additional oil over ASP n SPE 84075

IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENT 0. 15% ORS-62 HF, 1. 0% Na. OH, 1000 PPM polymer SPE 84075

SMART SURFACTANT n n n n One component system Provides low IFT and proper viscosity Salt and divalent cation tolerant No water treatment required No polymer required No dissolving or hydration unit required Minimal up-front investment Minimal risk factor US Patent Pending

WATER FLOOD Injector Producer

SURFACTANT FLOOD

SURFACTANT FLOOD Injector Producer

SMART SURFACTANT

SMART SURFACTANT Injector Producer

SMART SURFACTANT™ Injector Producer

35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg 0. 1% surfactant 0. 6% smart surfactant

ENLARGED FIELD FLOOD n Raw material supply • Source • Availability n Manufacturing Location • Shipping, tax, etc. • Improve local economy § Capital investment • • • n Up-front investment Operational cost By-products Flexibility of the plant

NEW ARYL ALKYL SULFONIC ACID (AASA) US PATENT NO. 6, 043, 391

ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA Abundant raw material supply n Can be made in large volume at desired MW n One-step alkylation/sulfonation n Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31 -33

ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA Abundant raw material supply n Can be made in large volume at desired MW n One-step alkylation/sulfonation n No costly alkylation unit required n Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31 -33

CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESS Conventional Olefin + Aromatic Alkylate + SO 3 Alkylate AASA New Olefin + SO 3 Olefin Sulfonic Acid + Aromatic AASA J. Surf. & Deterg. 5 (1) 39 -43

CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESS (80, 000 MT/Yr) Equipment CONVENTIONAL PROCESS NEW PROCESS Alkylation Unit $75 – 80 million* 0 Sulfonation Unit $16 million Neutralization Unit $2 Million * Handbook of Petroleum Refining Process (1996) p 1. 62

ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA Abundant raw material supply n Can be made in large volume at desired MW n One-step alkylation/sulfonation n No costly alkylation unit required n More electrolyte tolerant than conventional alkylaryl sulfonates n Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31 -33

Need Recommendations for surfactants ? To: Oil Chem Technologies Total Bill SS-7593 = $ 0. 00

OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES l l We care about our customers Your success is our success OCT

THANK YOU ! Oil Chem Technologies, Inc. 13013 Jess Pirtle Blvd. Sugar Land, TX 77478 281 -240 -0161 www. oil-chem. com