EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT EUROPEAN STRATEGY TOWARDS

  • Slides: 32
Download presentation
EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT EUROPEAN STRATEGY TOWARDS FUSION Roberto Andreani EFDA Associate Leader

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT EUROPEAN STRATEGY TOWARDS FUSION Roberto Andreani EFDA Associate Leader for Technology 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 1

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Main goal of the European programme The European fusion

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Main goal of the European programme The European fusion programme is an energy oriented programme. Main objective is to develop a competitive power producing fusion reactor exploiting all the potential characteristics of fusion: benign environmental impact, fuel abundance, reactor control, safety. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 2

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Commission proposal for the seventh Framework programme of the

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Commission proposal for the seventh Framework programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) for nuclear research and training activities (2007 to 2011). To be discussed and approved by the Council of ministers. “ The programme shall cover the following: 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 3

EFDA Major Highlights of the Programme EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

EFDA Major Highlights of the Programme EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. AGREEMENT ITER realization in Cadarache as an international research infrastructure; ITER Physics and technology R&D in preparation of operation using the facilities and resources in the EU fusion programme, including JET; DEMO oriented Technology, to develop fusion materials and key technologies and to prepare for the construction of IFMIF; Longer term R&D activities to further develop improved concepts for magnetic confinement schemes, theory and modeling aimed at a better understanding of the behaviour of fusion plasmas; Human resources, Education and Training 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 4

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT The Fast Track n n n First advocated in

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT The Fast Track n n n First advocated in 2001 by Sir David King, scientific advisor to the British government; ITER construction in parallel to IFMIF detailed engineering design; Combine DEMO and PROTO in a single step as an electricity producing first of a kind reactor, not technically and economically optimized, aiming at a progressively improved availability during operation; Objective: to have a prototype reactor operational at mid century. Although the Fast Track has not been formally agreed by the EU partners, the EU programme is striving to follow the Fast Track. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 5

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT first electricity into grid 05 ITER 14 construction 20

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT first electricity into grid 05 ITER 14 construction 20 operation I DEMOPROTO 30 operation II 11/2/2020 deact. design /licensing/ construction operat. I operat desing/ licence. 1 st generation commercial Material/ IFMIF 40 construc. & test operat. 80 dpa operat. up tp 150 dpa Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 6

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ITER n n To fully demonstrate basic Physics feasibility

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ITER n n To fully demonstrate basic Physics feasibility of thermonuclear plasmas: confinement and plasma wall interaction, power interplay between first wall and divertor; Explore and study the cw advanced regimes needed for a reactor; Technology: demonstrate the performance of a nuclear grade superconducting tokamak; Test reactor relevant breeder blanket modules; However some aspects of ITER are not or are not entirely relevant for a reactor; n n n LTS vs. HTS superconducting magnetic structure (He vs. LN); First wall: beryllium armour, not suitable for a reactor; Structural material: austenitic steel, not suitable for a reactor. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 7

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Detailed Design R&D supported has Central Solenoid been developed

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Detailed Design R&D supported has Central Solenoid been developed Nb 3 Sn, 6 modules Blanket Module 440 modules Port Plug Poloidal Field Coil Nb-Ti, 6 Toroidal Field Coil Nb 3 Sn, 18, wedged heating/current drive test blankets limiters/RH diagnostics Divertor Torus Cryopump Fusion Power: 500 MW Plasma Volume: 840 m 3 Plasma Current: 15 MA Typical Density: 1020 m-3 Typical Temperature: 20 ke. V 11/2/2020 8 units Vacuum Vessel 9 sectors Cryostat 24 m high x 28 m dia Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 8

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ITER Construction Schedule ITER International Organization 2005 2006 Bid

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ITER Construction Schedule ITER International Organization 2005 2006 Bid LICENSE TO CONSTRUCT 2007 2008 TOKAMAK ASSEMBLY STARTS 2009 2010 2011 2012 FIRST PLASMA 2013 2014 2016 EXCAVATE TOKAMAK BUILDING Contract PFC BUILDING OTHER BUILDINGS First sector Complete VV TOKAMAK ASSEMBLY Install PFC cryostat MAGNET 2015 Complete blanket/divertor Install CS COMMISSIONING Bid Vendor’s Design Contract VESSEL Bid Contract 11/2/2020 PFC TFC CS fabrication start First sector Last TFC Last CS Last sector Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 9

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Physics Accompanying Programme n n JET: enhanced to study

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Physics Accompanying Programme n n JET: enhanced to study ITER relevant regimes by installing a beryllium wall, higher additional power and ELMs control; ASDEX-UPGRADE: test of tungsten first wall; TORE SUPRA (superconducting coils, actively cooled plasma facing components) , FTU (high field, high density), TEXTOR (plasma wall), RFX (MHD studies) and other minor tokamak; Satellite Tokamak: after JET (Broader approach? ), test of cw operation and advanced regimes. Preparation for ITER experimentation; 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 10

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT JET EP 2: ITER-like Wall ITER experiment Main wall

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT JET EP 2: ITER-like Wall ITER experiment Main wall • Bulk beryllium where possible Divertor JET Option 2 JET Option 1 • Plan for all W coated CFC (Reference Option ) • Fall-back Option: CFC on targets • Final decision on options in 2006 Depending on: ITER needs W Coating R&D outcome Bulk W technology R&D 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 11

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT JET AGREEMENT EP 2: High frequency pellet injector for ELM

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT JET AGREEMENT EP 2: High frequency pellet injector for ELM control and deep fuelling Technical objectives of the new system NBI Power Increase 40 s 30 s 20 s 10 s 0 11/2/2020 0 10 20 30 40 MW Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 12

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT EP 2 : Proposed JET Programme 2007 -2010 JET

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT EP 2 : Proposed JET Programme 2007 -2010 JET DT integrated experiment s ir o ly na l fu ce f o le s te atib DT mp o ll -c a • NB Power Upgrade • PF system upgrade • Diagnostics & RTC • ITER-like wall Be/ W re Con du fi • Wall diagnostics ce rm d ati • Detritiation T- on re te of nt io n w Plasma scenarios in ITER configuration Plasma scenario compatibility ITER-like wall experiment • Pellet injector (ELM pacing) • Magnetic perturbation coils (TBD) 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 13

EFDA 11/2/2020 EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 14

EFDA 11/2/2020 EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 14

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ITER Technology R&D n Only in the last three

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ITER Technology R&D n Only in the last three years Europe has invested 160 MEuro in technology R&D (48 MEuro in direct EFDA industrial contracts in preparation of EU industry for construction), Even now EFDA is spending about 40 MEuro/year to prepare ITER. n Major technical issues still open (personal opinion): - Integration of first wall design; - Integration of Remote Handling sub-systems; - Completion of Negative Ion Beam R&D and final design choices in view of construction; - Finalised assembly procedures in relation to components design; - Completion of the vacuum vessel design in compliance with the requirements of the regulatory codes. Choice of the Directors and selection of the upper technical management layer of the International Team urgently needed to conduct the final revision of the ITER design. n 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 15

EFDA EU ITER related Technology activities during construction EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT European Domestic

EFDA EU ITER related Technology activities during construction EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT European Domestic Agency (DA) as a Joint Undertaking (like JET) with administrative and technical capacity to conduct the ITER procurement share assigned to Europe; n Support to European industry in procurements, while respecting the limits set by free competition; n DA to conduct all the ITER and DEMO related project oriented activities in the EU technology programme. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 16

EFDA n n EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Areas in which Europe can play a

EFDA n n EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Areas in which Europe can play a major driving or coordinating role in ITER construction, based on the pluriannual development effort: - Vacuum vessel (licensing process); - TF coils (TFMC experience, testing facilities); - Plasma Facing Components ( First wall and divertor) - Fuel cycle (complete cycle prototyped at laboratory level); - Negative Ion Beam (development effort and test facility); Direct contribution of European laboratories (EURATOM associated) in collaboration with industry: - Heating & Current Drive Systems ( ECRH, ICRH, NIB) - Diagnostic systems assigned to Europe. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 17

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 1 A wide and increasingly funded

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 1 A wide and increasingly funded materials programme is being conducted in Europe. Theoretical (modeling) and R&D activities concern the basic structural materials for the future generation DEMO reactor and more advanced materials. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 18

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 2 n n EUROFER (European developed

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 2 n n EUROFER (European developed 9% Cr martensitic steel, limit in operating temperature: ~ 550 0 C ) - Non-irradiated material completely characterised; - PIE of irradiated material performed up to about 35 dpa; - Irradiation up to 80 dpa under way in fast breeder reactor. EUROFER-ODS, Yt 2 O dispersion strenghtened (limit in operating temperature ~ 650 0 C) 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 19

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Results on Irradiated EUROFER including « ALTAIR EXPERIMENT »

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Results on Irradiated EUROFER including « ALTAIR EXPERIMENT » Results from irradiation campaigns up to 15 dpa in HFR and up to 3 dpa at MOL (300 o. C) 2003 results J. W. Rensam, NRG-FOM E. Lucon, SCK CEN Result from Altair 325°C, 32, 5 dpa A. Alamo, CEA Yield Strength shift: caused by irradiation induced hardening 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 20

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 3 n Advanced materials: - Tungsten:

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 3 n Advanced materials: - Tungsten: as an armour or a structural material for advanced blanket concepts and for the advanced divertor. - Si. Cf/Si. C: to provide thermal and electrical insulating insert for the dual coolant breeder blanket concept or as the structural material for the single coolant (lithium lead) concept 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 21

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 4 Breeder Blanket n n ITER

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 4 Breeder Blanket n n ITER Test Blanket Modules (day 1 on the machine) - Helium Cooled Lithium Lead (HCLL); - Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB); DEMO Breeder Blanket concepts (tests in ITER? ) - High temperature helium cooled concepts (from Power Plant Conceptual Studies, PPCS): Dual coolant (He and Li. Pb), Single coolant (Li. Pb). Divertor n High temperature Helium cooled divertor 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 22

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT EU ITER TBM structure BREEDING BLANKET R&D n n

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT EU ITER TBM structure BREEDING BLANKET R&D n n ITER Test Blanket modules development: - Helium Cooled Lithium Lead (HCLL); - Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB). Power Plant Conceptual Studies (PPCS): - Development of reactor concepts; - Development of high temperature blanket concepts. DIVERTOR R&D n Helium cooled divertor concepts (10 MW/m 2) with W structure. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 23

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Dual Coolant Breeding Blanket 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Dual Coolant Breeding Blanket 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 24

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Conceptual design of helium cooled divertor module 11/2/2020 Washington

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Conceptual design of helium cooled divertor module 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 25

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 5 n n n Fusion neutron

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DEMO oriented Technology 5 n n n Fusion neutron (14 Mev) effects in irradiated materials; - dpa (comparable to fusion for the same delivered power); - transmutation: helium (~10 atoms/dpa), Hydrogen (~40 atoms/dpa). Threshold: ~10 Mev; Low intensity (1011, 1012 n/s) 14 Mev neurtron sources available to study the reactions. High intensity (1017 n/s, cw: 20 -40 dpa/year) 14 Mev neutron source needed: IFMIF. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 26

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT IFMIF Accelerator Test Cell Target Deuteron accelerators: l. Irrad.

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT IFMIF Accelerator Test Cell Target Deuteron accelerators: l. Irrad. Volume > 0. 5 L 40 Me. V 250 m. A (10 MW) for 1014 n/(s・cm 2), (20 dpa/year) Li flow neutrons HEBT LEBT Two accelerators D+ beams l. Temp. : 250<T<1000℃ D+ Test pieces nirradiation ECR source RFQ DTL Heat exchanger ECR source: 155 m. A, 95 ke. V Two 175 MHz Accelerators: each 125 m. A and 40 Me. V Total Availability: 70 % EM pump (~1017 n/s) Typical reactions: PIE 7 Li(d, 2 n)7 Be, 6 Li(d, n)7 Be, 6 Li(n, T)4 He. Beam footprint on Li target: 20 x 5 cm 2 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates

EFDA 1 EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT 2 3 4 5 6 Reference schedule 8 9

EFDA 1 EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT 2 3 4 5 6 Reference schedule 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 CODA-1 st Accel. -xx. MICF CODA-2 nd Accel. -xx. MICF EVEDA -xx. MICF 7 AGREEMENT Decision 125 m. A 250 m. A EVECODA-1 st Accel. -xx. MICF CODA-2 nd Accel. -xx. MICF European schedule Decision EVEDA -xx. MICF Decision 1 st Accel. CODA-2 nd Accel. -xx. MICF Optimized schedule 250 m. A 125 m. A EVEDA: ~80 MEuro, 5 years+10 years construction. EVEDA-CODA combined: ~ 900 MEuro; 10 years construction time. Optimised EVEDA: ~ 140 MEuro, 6 years + 6 years construction time. Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Longer term R&D n Spherical tokamak: MAST n STELLARATOR:

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Longer term R&D n Spherical tokamak: MAST n STELLARATOR: W 7 X 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 29

EFDA n n MAST programme optimal exploitation of ITER development of DEMO To explore

EFDA n n MAST programme optimal exploitation of ITER development of DEMO To explore the long-term potential of the spherical tokamak (ST) n n n AGREEMENT To advance key tokamak physics issues n n EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT Component Test Facility (CTF), power plant (STPP) Programme complementary to NSTX Wide angle IR view during disruption in MAST 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 30

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT W 7 X 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT W 7 X 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 31

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Conclusions n n Europe seems well set to confront

EFDA EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Conclusions n n Europe seems well set to confront the challenges posed by the new exciting phase of the world programme in the half a century long quest for fusion power. Europe is ready to play a major role in the wider world wide collaboration opened by ITER. We are ready to integrate our domestic activities with those conducted in the parties in order to perform a well coordinated and successful world wide programme to develop the first fusion reactor. 11/2/2020 Washington 11 October 2005 Fusion Power Associates 32