Educational Psychology Theory and Practice Chapter 12 Learners

Organizing Questions Who Are Learners with Exceptionalities? & What Is Special Education? & What

Learners with Exceptionalities Pleasantville “…our philosophy is that every child can learn, and it

Learners With Exceptionalities “…any individuals whose physical, mental, or behavioral performance is so different

“People-First” Language Put people first. & Avoid making the person equal the disability. &

Types of Exceptionalities and Numbers of Students Served Overall, about 9% of students between

Students with Mental Retardation & Causes of Mental Retardation & Intelligence Quotient (IQ) &

Teaching Adaptive Behavior Skills Coping with the Demands of School & Developing Interpersonal Relationships

Students with Learning Disabilities & Identifying Students with Learning Disabilities & Characteristics of Students

Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities Emphasize prevention. & Teach learning-to-learn skills. & Give frequent

Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities Use effective classroom management methods. & Coordinate supplementary services

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Maintaining Attention & Impulsive Actions & Hyperactive Behavior &

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Males with ADHD greatly outnumber females with ADHD. & Use

ADHD: The Role of the Teacher Make sure students understand classroom rules and procedures.

ADHD: The Role of the Teacher Allow many opportunities to be active. & Refrain

Students with Speech and Language Impairments Students with Speech Disorders & Students with Language

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Inability to Learn that Cannot be Explained by

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Pervasive Mood of Unhappiness or Depression. & A

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders & Causes of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders &

Students with Autism “…a developmental disability that significantly affects social interaction and verbal and

Students with Sensory, Physical, and Health Impairments Students with Vision Disabilities & Students who

Students Who Are Gifted and Talented Giftedness & Characteristics of Gifted and Talented Students

Special Education Legislation Time. Line 1975 Public Law 94 -142 & 1986 Public Law

Six Principles of IDEA ‘ 97 Free Appropriate Public Education & Appropriate Evaluation &

Special Education Least Restrictive Environment & Mainstreaming & Individualized Education Program (IEP) & Individualized

Preparing IEPs Initial Referral & Screening and Assessment & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Preparing IEPs & Writing the IEP & Statements that Indicate Present Level of Performance

An Array of Services General Education Classroom Placement & Collaboration with Consulting Teachers and

An Array of Services Special-Education Class Placement with Part-Time Inclusion & Self-Contained Special Education

Least Restrictive Environment General Education Class Resource Room Separate Class Separate School Copyright ©

What is Inclusion? Full Inclusion & Research on Inclusion & Adapting Instruction & Copyright

Adapting Instruction for Students with Special Needs Format Adaptations for Written Assignments & Content

What is Inclusion? Teaching Learning Strategies and Metacognitive Awareness & Prevention and Early Intervention

End of Chapter 12 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

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Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Chapter 12 Learners with Exceptionalities This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ISBN: 0 -205 -37338 -0 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003

Learners With Exceptionalities “…any individuals whose physical, mental, or behavioral performance is so different from the norm—either higher or lower—that additional services are needed to meet the individuals’ needs. ” (p. 410) & & Disability Handicap Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Types of Exceptionalities and Numbers of Students Served Overall, about 9% of students between ages 6 and 21 receive special education. & The number of students in easily defined categories has remained fairly stable. & The use of the category “mentally retarded” has diminished. & The number of students categorized as learning disabled has steadily increased. & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Teaching Adaptive Behavior Skills Coping with the Demands of School & Developing Interpersonal Relationships & Developing Language Skills & Socioemotional Development & Personal Care & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Students with Learning Disabilities & Identifying Students with Learning Disabilities & Characteristics of Students with Learning Disabilities Academic Self-Concept & Social Dimensions & Gender Differences & Racial and Ethnic Differences & Parental Education & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities Emphasize prevention. & Teach learning-to-learn skills. & Give frequent feedback. & Use teaching strategies that engage students actively in lessons. & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Maintaining Attention & Impulsive Actions & Hyperactive Behavior & Prevalence estimates are 3 to 5 % of All Children & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

ADHD: The Role of the Teacher Make sure students understand classroom rules and procedures. & Review seating arrangements. & Adhere to principles of effective classroom management. & Understand ADHD students might not be able to control their own behavior. & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

ADHD: The Role of the Teacher Allow many opportunities to be active. & Refrain from excessive punishment and threats. & Groups students with ADHD wisely. & Teach behavior management. & Maintain ongoing communication with home. & Collaborate with special education personnel. & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Inability to Learn that Cannot be Explained by Intellectual, Sensory, or Health Factors. & Inability to Build and Maintain Satisfactory Social Relationships. & Inappropriate Behaviors and Feelings. & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Pervasive Mood of Unhappiness or Depression. & A Tendency to Develop Physical Symptoms, Pains, or Fears Associated with Personal or School Performance. & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders & Causes of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders & Characteristics & Students Exhibiting Aggressive Behavior & Students with Withdrawn and Immature Behavior Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Students Who Are Gifted and Talented Giftedness & Characteristics of Gifted and Talented Students & Education of Gifted Students & & Acceleration Programs & Enrichment Programs Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Six Principles of IDEA ‘ 97 Free Appropriate Public Education & Appropriate Evaluation & Individualized Education Program & Least Restrictive Environment & Parent and Student Participation in Decision Making & Procedural Safeguards & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Special Education Least Restrictive Environment & Mainstreaming & Individualized Education Program (IEP) & Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) & Individualized Transition Plan (ITP) & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

Preparing IEPs & Writing the IEP & Statements that Indicate Present Level of Performance & Goals Indicating Anticipated Progress & Intermediate Instructional Objectives & Statement of Services to be Provided. Projected Start and Duration of Services & Evaluation Criteria Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999

What is Inclusion? Teaching Learning Strategies and Metacognitive Awareness & Prevention and Early Intervention & Computers and Students with Disabilities & Buddy Systems and Peer Tutoring & Special-Education Teams & Social Integration of Students with Disabilities & Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 1999