EDUCATION System in Pakistan 5 December 2008 1

EDUCATION System in Pakistan 5 December , 2008 1 1

Contents PART - I • Constitution of Pakistan • Organization & Functions PART – II • Education Scenario • Financing • Education Policy • Other Programmes 2

Constitution of Pakistan 3

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37 -b “The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period” Concurrent Legislative List: Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centres of excellence, standard of education & Islamic education 4

Functions and Organizations 5

Major Functions of Ministry of Education Under Rules of Business 1973 • National policies, plans and programmes in education. Development of curricula and textbooks. • International aspects of education. External examinations. Equivalence of degrees and diplomas. Education in the Capital, Federally Administered Areas and AJ&K. Financial assistance to educationists and men of letters. National libraries. Boy Scouts and Girl Guides. Welfare of Pakistani students abroad and foreign students in Pakistan. • • • Continue… 6

• International exchange of students and teachers. • Foreign studies and training. International assistance. • Administration of Selective Federal educational institutions. Act No. X of 1976 provides for Federal supervision of curricula, textbooks and maintenance of standards of education. 7

Millennium Development Goals (2001) 1. Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality 2. Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girls’ full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good quality 8

Functions of Administration Wing n n n Recruitment / appointments / promotions / transfers / grant of leave and pension to employees of main Ministry. Rules and regulations for appointments, promotions, transfers etc. in main Ministry. Maintenance of CR dossiers / ICP Charts / declaration of assets of officers of Ministry. Disciplinary cases, Courts and Wafaqi Mohtasib cases. Administrative and financial matters of Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education and Pakistan National Commission for UNESCO, Inter Board Committee of Chairmen, Islamabad. n Administrative matters / budget of Education Division. n Processing of release of funds and reconciliation of expenditure. Continue… 9

Functions of Administration Wing n n Public Accounts Committee, Departmental Accounts Committee, Audit observations and Internal Audits. Business relating to the Parliament / Cabinet and other organs of State. n Follow-up of President’s and Prime Minister’s Directives. n Inter-Ministerial and Intra-Ministerial Coordination. n n n Redressal of public grievances relating to Ministry and its organizations. Matters pertaining to Pakistan Boys Scouts Association and Pakistan Girls Guides Association. Presidential Awards i. e. Izaz-i-Kamal, Izaz-i-Fazeelat and Izaz-i. Sabqat etc. 10

Functions of Policy & Planning Wing n Formulation of National Policies, Plans and Programs. n Process all development schemes (DDWP, CDWP, ECNEC). n n n Organize Inter-Provincial Education Secretaries/Ministers' meetings. Prepare and monitor implementation of PSDP, Medium Term Plan (MTP) and Perspective Plan (PP). Coordinate release of funds with Finance Div. , Planning & Development Div. and AGPR. Monitoring and evaluating education sector expenditures. Assist and coordinate with Provincial Education, Finance and Planning Departments and District Governments to develop education sector plans. Collection of statistics. Continue… 11

Functions of Policy & Planning Wing n n n n Surveys and research studies. Laison with development partners, within government and foreign donors and institutions. Negotiate external economic assistance. Prepare reports for media, budget speech, Economic Survey, year book etc. Disseminate government policies, plans, and programs among all development partners and stakeholders. Develop and Maintain Ministry’s website. Oversee functioning of Academy for Educational Planning and Management. 12

Functions of Curriculum Wing has been empowered through Federal Supervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Maintenance of Standards of Education Act, 1976: n n n To prepare or cause to be prepared [1] schemes of studies, [2] curricula, [3] manuscripts of textbooks and [4] schedules or strategy for their introduction in accordance with the education policy. To approve manuscripts of textbooks produced by other agencies before they are prescribed. To direct any person or agency to delete, amend or withdraw any portion, or the whole, of the curriculum, textbook or reference material. 13

Functions of Projects Wing Ø Monitoring of projects. Ø Collaboration between FIUs & PIUs. Ø Interact with donor agencies/partners/stakeholders. Ø Evaluation of projects. Ø Management and release of project funds. Ø Implementation of various projects (Go. P and foreign funded). 14

Functions of Training Wing n n n n Teacher Training and Education-In-service and Pre-service Training Programmes in collaboration with donors agencies. Science Olympiads and fairs in collaboration with Intel and universities etc. Foreign and local scholarships. International Cooperation and Cultural Exchange Programs. Coordination / NOC to foreign students for admission in Pakistan on self finance. Management of educational institutions in ICT. Administrative, financial and legal matters of following institutions: n National Institute of Science and Technical Education, Islamabad n Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad n Federal College of Education, Islamabad n Polytechnic Institute for Women, Islamabad Continue… 15

Functions of Training Wing n National Education Foundation, Islamabad n National Museum of Science and Technical Education, Lahore n Colombo Plan Staff College, Manila, Philippine n Technical Panel on Teacher Education, Islamabad n Dawood College of Engineering and Technology, Karachi n National College of Arts, Lahore n Sindh Madressah-tul-Islam, Karachi n Department of Libraries 16

Functions of Monitoring & Evaluation Cell n n n To monitor induction of modern education in Madaris and the working of NGO’s. To improve working of various organizations by suggesting measures based on performance. To identify areas in which performance has been unsatisfactory, alongwith suggestions for improvement. Keep Secretary / Minister informed on proper observance and implementation of procedures in various departments, particularly financial discipline. Monitor and prevent losses due to fraud, misappropriation, pilferage, misuse and theft. Keep Secretary / Minister informed of any activities prejudicial to the public interest and state of discipline and morale of students and employees. 17

Functions of PMU will closely oversee all stages and aspects of planning, resource mobilization, monitoring and coordination of all development projects including ESR Programme at Federal, Provincial and District level. Main Functions of PMU § Ensure timely release of funds to line departments. § Evolve Monitoring mechanism to gauge the out-puts/out-comes of development Projects. § To collect quarterly monitoring reports containing physical as well as financial achievements. § To ensure optimum and efficient utilization of the budget. § To evaluate achievement of programme objectives and targets. § To suggest and supervise remedial measures to improve effectiveness and efficiency of the programme. 18

Pakistan Chairs Abroad 1. Quaid-e-Azam Distinguished Professorship at Columbia University, USA. 2. Quaid-e-Azam Studies Chair, University of California, Berkeley, USA. 3. Quaid-e-Azam Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK. 4. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK. 5. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Humboldt University, Germany. 6. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 7. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 8. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Kazakh Albai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, Almaty, Kazakhistan. Continue… 19

Pakistan Chairs Abroad 9. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ankara University, Turkey. 10. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tehran University, Iran. 11. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tribhuvan University, Katmandu, Nepal. 12. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Jordan University, Amman. 13. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Peking University, Beijing, China. 14. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Bapist University, Hong Kong. 15. Allama Iqbal Research chair in Urdu and Arabic, King Saudi University, Saudi Arabia. 20

Area Study Centres For: 1. Central Asia, University of Peshawar, Peshawar. 2. South Asia, University of the Punjab, Lahore. 3. Far East and South East Asia, University of Sindh. 4. Europe, University of Karachi, Karachi. 5. Middle East and Arab Countries, University of Balochistan, Quetta. 6. Africa, North and South America, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Pakistan Study Centres at Universities of Punjab, Sindh, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta & Q. A. University Shaikh Zayed Islamic Centres, University of Punjab, Karachi & Peshawar. 21

Centres of Excellence 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Psychology – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Mineralogy – University of Balochistan, Quetta. Analytical Chemistry – University of Sindh, Jamshoro. Water Resources Engineering – University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. Arts & Design – Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro. Marine Biology – University of Karachi, Karachi. History and Culture – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Molecular Biology – University of the Punjab, Lahore. Gender Studies – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Geology – University of Peshawar, Peshawar. Physical Chemistry – University of Peshawar, Peshawar. Solid State Physics – University of the Punjab, Lahore. 22

PART – II EDUCATION SCENARIO 23

Human Development Index Country Ranking (out of 177 countries) 2005 2006 2007 Iran 99 96 94 Sri Lanka 93 93 99 Maldives 96 98 100 India 127 126 128 Bhutan 134 135 133 Pakistan 135 134 136 Bangladesh 139 137 140 Nepal 136 138 142 Source: Human Development Reports, 2005 -06 & 2007 -08, UNDP 24

Literacy Rates 47% Pakistan: Male: Female: 55% 67% 42% 67% 28% 58% 42% 58% 22% 55% 67% 42% 67% Literacy Definition (As in 1998 Census) “The ability of a person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language” Sources: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2006 -07 25

Educational Institutions by Level Pre-primary Mosque school Total Public Private 1, 081 287 794 14, 123 14, 035 88 122, 349 105, 526 16, 823 Middle 38, 449 14, 334 24, 115 Secondary 25, 090 10, 550 14, 540 281 11 270 4, 831 1, 882 2, 008 1, 025 2, 823 857 116 59 57 1257 426 831 3, 059 916 2, 143 12, 153 354 11, 799 3, 120 2, 241 879 227, 791 151, 772 (67%) 76, 019 (33%) Primary British System NFBE Inter & Degree Colleges Universities Technical/ Professional Vocational Deeni Madaris Others TOTAL Source: National Education Census 2006, Go. P 26

Institutions by Medium of Instruction Type # of Institutions Urdu 148065 (65%) English 22779 (10%) Sindhi 34168 (15%) Others 22779 (10%) Total 227, 791 Public 151, 744 103, 186 (68%) 3, 035 (2%) 33, 384 (22%) 12, 139 (8%) Private 76, 047 43, 347 (57%) 21, 293 (28%) 1, 521 (2%) 9, 886 (13%) Source: National Education Census 2006, Go. P 27

No. of Institutions, Enrolment, Teaching Staff Area Educational Institutions Covered Enrolment Non. Functional (Million) Teaching Staff Pakistan 227, 791 12, 737 33. 5 1, 356, 802 Punjab 110, 459 2, 742 18. 3 716, 768 Sindh 51, 006 3442 6. 6 290, 749 NWFP 37, 761 1, 781 5. 2 198, 893 Balochistan 10, 986 306 1. 1 50, 893 ICT 1, 189 23 0. 4 19, 387 FATA 5, 145 123 0. 6 22, 079 Northern Area 3, 977 128 0. 4 15, 196 AJK 7, 268 192 0. 9 42, 837 Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006 28

Enrolment (Million) Province/Area Total Male Female Rural Urban Pakistan 33. 379 18. 981 57% 14. 398 43% 19. 159 57% 14. 219 43% Punjab 18. 298 9. 795 54% 8. 503 46% 10. 374 57% 7. 924 43% Sindh 6. 552 3. 844 59% 2. 707 41% 2. 551 39% 4. 001 61% NWFP 5. 206 3. 322 64% 1. 884 36% 3. 936 76% 1. 270 24% Balochistan 1. 110 0. 713 64% 0. 396 36% 0. 662 60% 0. 447 40% ICT 0. 390 0. 208 53% 0. 181 47% 0. 090 23% 0. 300 77% FATA 0. 605 0. 440 73% 0. 165 27% 0. 605 100% - Northern Area 0. 354 0. 190 54% 0. 164 46% 0. 288 81% 0. 066 19% AJK 0. 859 0. 464 54% 0. 395 46% 0. 650 76% 0. 209 24% Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006 29

Deeni Madaris (Enrolment and Teaching Staff) No. for which Data Collected Area No. Covered No. of Refusals Pakistan 12, 979 826 12, 153 1, 549, 242 58, 391 Punjab 5, 459 159 5, 300 674, 281 24, 977 Sindh 1, 935 119 1, 816 312, 693 11, 951 NWFP 2, 843 275 2, 568 336, 983 12, 058 769 99 670 65, 597 2, 891 77 15 62 10, 557 657 FATA 135 43 92 14, 162 481 FANA 1, 193 39 1, 154 88, 540 3, 160 568 77 491 46, 429 2, 216 Balochistan ICT AJK Enrolment Teaching Staff Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006 30

Drop-out Rates Enrolment 1999 -2000 Class 11 -12 Class 9 -10 Class 6 - 8 Dropouts 1999 -2000 0. 076 30. 14% 0. 023 1. 311 22. 41% 0. 294 3. 074 Class 11 -12 0. 708 0. 111 Class 9 -10 1. 479 15. 68% 0. 232 Class 6 - 8 15. 9% 0. 528 31. 3% 4. 641 Class 1 -5 53. 0% 6. 614 Total: 16. 941 Million Total: 7. 684 Million 3. 323 14. 829 Total: 20. 339 Million Total: 5. 512 Million Total children eligible for enrolment (5 -16): Children who did not enroll (5 -16): Source: 15. 7% 24. 5% 0. 753 Class 1 -5 12. 480 Dropouts 2004 -05 Enrolment 2004 -05 1. National Institute of Population Studies, 2004 -05, 44. 340 million 24. 001 million 2. NEMIS, M/o Education. 31

Total schools upto Middle level 160, 798 PAKISTAN Missing Facilities 53, 481 (33%) 46, 766 (29%) No Boundary Wall No Drinking Water 81, 633 (50%) No Electricity Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006 57, 216 (35%) No Toilet 9, 776 (6%) No Building 32

Public Schools in Union Councils Pakistan Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch. AJK FANA Number of Union Councils 6, 438 3, 446 1, 108 998 567 196 111 No. of Union Councils without Boys High School 2, 080 (32%) 1, 170 (34%) 386 (35%) 247 (25%) 225 (40%) 20 (10%) 32 (29%) No. of Union Councils without Girls High School 3, 919 (61%) 2, 014 (58%) 780 (70%) 619 (62%) 374 (66%) 45 (23%) 87 (78%) No. of Union Councils without Boys Higher Sec. School 5, 880 (91%) 3, 215 (93%) 993 (90%) 816 (82%) 567 (100%) 178 (91%) 111 (100%) No. of Union Council without Girls Higher Sec. School 6, 053 (94%) 3, 243 (94%) 1, 046 (94%) 911 (91%) 567 (100%) 175 (89%) 111 (100%) 33

Computer and Science Labs in High Schools Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch. Total Pakistan Total number of high schools 13, 152 4, 608 2, 723 670 21, 153 Without Computer Labs 4, 030 (31%) 1, 362 (29%) 1, 256 (46%) 476 (71%) 7, 124 (34%) Without Science labs 1, 527 (12%) 832 (18%) 511 (19%) 356 (53%) 3, 226 (15%) Without Science Teachers 1, 143 (9%) --- 247 (9%) 86 (13%) 1, 476 (7%) 34

Financing 35

Financing Year Recurring Development (Rs. billion) Total % of GDP Private Sector % of GDP* 2000 -01 69. 5 6. 4 75. 9 1. 82% 16. 8 2. 22% 2001 -02 70. 4 8. 5 78. 9 1. 79% 22. 0 2. 28% 2002 -03 79. 5 10. 4 89. 9 1. 86% 26. 3 2. 41% 2003 -04 94. 3 30. 0 124. 3 2. 20% 31. 1 2. 75% 2004 -05 106. 6 33. 3 139. 9 2. 13% 36. 0 2. 67% 2005 -06 128. 9 41. 9 170. 8 2. 21% 40. 7 2. 74% 2006 -07 160. 0 56. 6 216. 6 2. 48% 45. 5 2. 96% 2007 -08 191. 0 65. 0 256. 0 2. 44% * % of GDP including Private sector budget. Source: Demands for grants, Budget books of Govt. of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, Balochistan & AJ&K. Federal Ministries/Divisions, District Governments. 36

EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OF GDP (2005 -06): SOUTH ASIA Country Percentage Iran 4. 7 India 3. 8 Bangladesh 2. 4 Maldives 7. 5 Nepal 3. 4 Pakistan 2. 21 (05 -06) 2. 44(07 -08) Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008 37

Education Policy 38

Challenges n n n Weakened Governance n Fragmentation n Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams Low level of literacy Out of school children Dropouts Public Private Partnership In-adequate financing Gender Equity Poor monitoring & evaluation Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary schools Inconvenient school location 39

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY • • • Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education Promotion of Equity Minimum National Standards Relevance to Labour Market Sector Planning Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018 Encourage Private sector Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity Donor Harmonisation Overcoming Fragmented Governance Continue… 40

• • • Bridging the Public Private Divide Improved Examination System Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3 -5 years) & inclusive education. Achieve the MDG goals. All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level Well developed plan for expanding school facilities. High priority to reducing drop out rates Improved school environment Career Counselling at higher secondary level Develop national literacy curriculum Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers Continue… 41

• • Pre-service & in-service teacher training Accreditation and certification of teachers Merit based teacher recruitment, professional development, promotions & postings Curriculum development Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning materials District Education Boards to be established for managing schools Separate management & academic cadres 42

1. Policy Reforms Undertaken i. Highlights of New Scheme of Studies: a. ‘Islamiat’ as an integrated subject in Classes I-II. Full-fledged subject from Classes III to XII. ‘Ethics’ for non-Muslims. b. Advanced ‘Islamic Studies’ in Classes IX-XII as an elective subject. c. General Science compulsory from Classes IV-VIII. d. Pakistan Studies compulsory upto Class-X. Advance Pakistan Studies as Elective for Classes XI & XII. Continue… 43

Highlights of New Scheme of Studies e. History, Geography compulsory in Classes VI-VIII. Includes history of sub-continent upto 1947. Post 1947 in Pak Studies. f. Computer Literacy compulsory for Classes VIVIII. ‘Computer Science’ elective subject in Classes IX-X and a Group in Class XI-XII. g. Choice of Arabic / Other Languages, Drawing, Technology, Home Economics, Agriculture in Classes VI to VIII. h. Medical Technology Group (6 subjects) in Classes XI & XII. 44

ii. Review of Curriculum: a. Curriculum being updated in view of new Scheme of Studies, challenges of modern world and job market. b. Curriculum for 24 core subjects notified. Implementation from 2009. Total subjects 81. 45

iii. New Textbook Policy: Main features are: Ø Ø improved quality of education through quality textbooks at affordable prices, competitive publishing of textbooks by public & private publishers, textbook boards will become facilitating & regulating authorities. Will approve textbooks. controversial material (cultural, religious, ethnic) shall not be included in textbooks. 46

iv. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) Ø Ø to improve quality of education at elementary level. to develop capacity in education assessment. to measure learning achievements of students in grades IV and VIII. Based on test results, education system being rehashed. 47

v. Examination System: a. b. Centralized Examination System. Question papers will have 3 parts: i. 20% objective. ii. 50% short answers. iii. 30% descriptive answers. Ø Choice reduced to 33%. Ø Papers based on curriculum, not textbooks. Ø Teachers being trained to prepare children for new pattern. c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max of 2 subjects. 48

vi. Access to Education a. b. c. Free education and textbooks up to secondary level. To promote girls' education, future primary schools to be co-education with female teachers only. Stipends to girl students at Middle level. 49

vii. Governance Reforms a. Inter-Provincial Education Ministers' (IPEM) Conference, for uniformity at national level. b. Colleges & Technical education schools withdrawn from Districts and placed under Provinces. c. Introduction of Prep (ECE) Class. d. Regulatory Authority for private educational institutions in Islamabad. e. Uniform academic session from 2009. Continue… 50

f. All schools Bilingual. English and Urdu compulsory from Class-1 onwards. g. English as medium of instruction for Science, Math and Computer Science. Islamiat, Pak Studies in Urdu in all schools. 51

Thank you 52