Education Does it work for you What does

Education Does it work for you? What does this mean? Risk or Protective Factor?

Housekeeping Post-Break Catch-up DUE: Initial Submission of Project Outline Readings to Be Covered: Class Matters, Unequal Childhoods, There Are No Children Here Next Week: Application Assignment #3 Let’s Assign States! https: //childrenandfamiliesinpoverty. wordpress. com/assignment-prompts/

In Review Last Week: Are rural or urban ecologies more entrapping? Who is more likely to be in poverty in terms of geography? Escape poverty? Who is more likely to be in poverty in terms of demographics? Think: Segregation and Social Isolation Related Course Topics (for tonight): Individualism versus Social Structuralism Toxic Stress and Health Implications of the Impoverished Food Insecurity Geographical Proximity and Neighborhood Context

What has been your educational experience? Enriching? Worthwhile?

Monetary Value of Education We observe a significant correlation between degree(s) earned, unemployment rate, and weekly earnings.

What is not captured by this chart? VS. Quality of schools is not measured, and if a school is not providing adequate preparation of its students, achievement potential is stunted.

Education – A Great and Equal Opportunity? How are public schools funded? http: //www. npr. org/2016/04/18/474256366/why-americas-schools-have-a-money-problem In short, public school funding is founded on local tax base. If businesses are plentiful, and are making money, they (1) pay taxes and (2) raise property values due to convenience and attraction. Moreover, low-income families cannot afford to live in places with higher tax bases, and, therefore, are confined in neighborhoods with poor tax bases and poorly funded schools. Where have all the ‘good’ teachers gone? The use of tracking: General, College-prep, Honors, AP Reality of tracking – very few move up in terms of rigor in preparation.

Does Money Matter?

Quality of Schools and Achievement • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=kpf. MD 9 g WNf 8 • Why do only 40% graduate from Harper and 98% from Naporville? • Do physical environment/resources influence student behavior and attitudes? • Impact on test scores? • Are these differences acceptable?

Why do poor children score lower on Wh tests? p o is ns o i t a ct pe x e r he s. Teac ehavior b and Think: Culture of Poverty Learned Helplessness Stereotyping like rep a red ly to dai ly in an b stru d en e mor ctio gage e n? d fo r Who is more likely to be motivated? Learning can be tough!

Teachers/Schools as Biased Disciplinarians Strong connection between suspensions and drop-out rates. Your thoughts on suspension? “As other studies demonstrate, the vast majority of suspensions are for minor infractions of school rules, such as disrupting class, tardiness, and dress code violations, rather than for serious violent or criminal behavior. Serious incidents are rare and result in expulsions, which are not covered by this report. ” Source: Losen, D. , & Martinez, T. (2013). Out of school and off track: The overuse of suspensions in American middle and high schools. Los Angeles, CA: The Center for Civil Rights Remedies, UCLA.

The Early Reach of Suspension “Overall, the data show that black students of all ages are suspended and expelled at a rate that's three times higher than that of white children. Even as boys receive more than two-thirds of suspensions, black girls are suspended at higher rates than girls of any other race or most boys. ” Source: Hefling, K. , & Holland, J. (2014). Black preschoolers more likely to face suspension. Associated Press. Downloaded from: http: //www. wsfa. com/story/25035096/blackpreschoolers-more-likely-to-face-suspension

Educational Policies Meant to Curb Achievement Gaps The Age of “High Stakes” Testing Third Grade Reading Levels No Child Left Behind – NECAP Testing Do you think testing is an appropriate intervention? Pros/cons?

RI NECAP Scores 90 90 80 80 70 at do yo ut hin k ? 70 60 60 50 Math 40 Reading 30 20 20 10 0 Wh 10 4 th 8 th 11 th grade 0 Low SES High SES

Other Ideas and Interventions? • Give money to poor families? – Every $1, 000 increase in income raises test scores by 6% (Dahl & Lochner, 2012) • Buy poor kids a smart phone? • Focus on early childhood education? – For every $1 put into the Child Parent Centers program, society can expect $11 in return (Reynolds et al. , 2002)

Your View? Take a ten minute break! When you return: In groups of 4, read the prompt and answer the points individually. Utilize the readings and today’s lecture to illustrate your points. Connections must be made to the readings. We will reconvene and discuss your findings. Appoint a speaker!