EDM at COSY JEDI Selected Issues in Spin

EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time A. Lehrach (FZJ), B. Lorentz (FZJ), B. W. Morse (BNL), N. Nikolaev (FZJ & Landau Inst) F. Rathmann (FZJ) Workshop on Future PNPI + FZJ (+ Landau Institute) Collaboration PNPI, Gatchina, 15 -27 June 2012

Layout: • Why the EDM and at which accuracy? • Why, How, When at COSY ? • Momentum spread and retention of precessing horizontal polarization without stable spin axis • RFE(B)-flipper: shall a new element in a ring destroy spin coherence? • Spin Decoherence-free magic energies and flattop RFE flipper • EDM-transparent Wien filter is equivalent to the MDMtransparent RFE flipper (as a side dish if time permits) • In situ systematics with RFB flipper (more from F. Rathmann) • Summary: a stringent bound on the deuteron EDM at COSY is feasible, an opportunity not to miss!

Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Electric dipole moment (EDM) A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and time reversal symmetry (T). Assuming CPT to hold, the combined symmetry CP is violated as well. Frank Rathmann 19 th International Spin Physics Symposium 3

EDM at COSY – COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons p = 0. 3 – 3. 7 Ge. V/c Phase space cooled internal & extracted beams COSY Injector cyclotron f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de … the spin-physics machine for hadron physics Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 5

Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches A. Lehrach (FZJ), B. Lorentz (FZJ), B. W. Morse (BNL), N. Nikolaev (FZJ & Landau Inst) F. Rathmann (FZJ) RWTH / IKP FZJ, 3 May 2012

Upper bounds on the neutron EDM

Limits for Electric Dipole Moments EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in e cm): Particle/At om Neutron Current EDM Limit 3 10 -26 Future Goal 10 -28 dn equivalent 10 -28 199 Hg 3. 1 10 -29 10 -26 129 Xe 6 10 -27 Proton 7. 9 10 -25 10 -29 10 -30 – 10 -33 10 -29 Deuteron ? 10 -29 10 -26 – 10 -29 3 10 -29 – 5 10 -33 Huge efforts underway to improve limits / find EDMs Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742 -1799) “Man muß etwas Neues machen, um etwas Neues zu sehen. ” “You have to make (create) something new, if you want to see something new” f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 11

There are two storage ring projects being pursued Copied from R. Talman Copied from A. Lehrach Strong need for a convincing precursor p. EDM & d. EDM experiment at COSY

Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments NEW: EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring: “Freeze“ horizontal spin precession; watch for development of a vertical component ! A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic), deuterons, … particle p (Ge. V/c) E (MV/m) B (T) proton 0. 701 16. 789 0. 000 deuteron 1. 000 -3. 983 0. 160 3 He 1. 285 17. 158 -0. 051 Frank Rathmann 19 th International Spin Physics Symposium One machine with r~30 m 13

Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment P = 0. 8 A = 0. 6 ER = 17 MV/m NBeam = 2· 1010 p/fill f = 0. 55% TTot = 107 s Spin = 103 s Beam polarization Analyzing power of polarimeter Radial electric field strength Total number of stored particles per fill Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency) Total running time per year Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time) for one year measurement Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

Crucial idea from F. Rathmann: swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant Efield for RFE-field EDM flipper • EDM in the pure radial E-ring: buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one • Bill Morse: Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFEflipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one • Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization • Need very long SCT! • d < E-24 e. cm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of COSY (if free of systematics)

polarized beam in ring one particle with magnetic moment makes one turn “spin closed orbit vector” “spin tune” ring A Vertical stable polarization Frank Rathmann 16

Horizonal spin after flipper αSy θ Beam

Spin coherence We usually don‘t worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis Polarization not affected! At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent) After some time, spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone Situation very different, when you deal with Longitudinal polarization vanishes! At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time, the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane In an EDM machine with frozen spin, observation time is limited. Spin coherence time: 103 s for measurement on 10 -29 e·cm level

Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper • Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitude • Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

In situ access to systematics? • Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field • The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM • Go down to micro- & nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY RF Solenoid: water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box • Length 0. 6 m • Frequency range 0. 4 to 1. 2 MHz • Integrated field ∫Brms dl ~ 1 T·mm reference oscillation 5 s decoherence time 25 s oscillation capture Simple model 5 s RF solenoid: on off on Spokesperson: E. Stephenson (IUCF)

Summary # 1 It´s all about systematics – stupid! … and money

Summary # 2: The deuteron EDM < 1 E-24 e cm is within the reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx. ) Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist) An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton. . . )

Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY RF Solenoid: water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box • Length 0. 6 m • Frequency range 0. 4 to 1. 2 MHz • Integrated field ∫Brms dl ~ 1 T·mm reference oscillation 5 s decoherence time 25 s oscillation capture Simple model 5 s RF solenoid: on off on Spokesperson: E. Stephenson (IUCF)

EDM Cooperation International sr. EDM Network Institutional (Mo. U) and Personal (Spokespersons …) Cooperation, Coordination sr. EDM Collaboration (BNL) sr. EDM Collaboration (FZJ) Common R & D RHIC Beam Position Monitors (…) EDM-at-COSY Polarimetry Spin Coherence Time Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (…) Study Group DOE-Proposal Precursor; Ring Design CD 0, 1, … HGF Application(s) p. EDM Ring at BNL JEDI

spin manipulation 180 o snakes there is an for every point of the orbit Snakes (non-vertical B field) affect flippers ramping through a resonance reverses Frank Rathmann 19 th International Spin Physics Symposium spin closed orbit 46

EDM Cooperation International sr. EDM Network Institutional (Mo. U) and Personal (Spokespersons …) Cooperation, Coordination sr. EDM Collaboration (BNL) sr. EDM Collaboration (FZJ) Common R & D RHIC Beam Position Monitors (…) EDM-at-COSY Polarimetry Spin Coherence Time Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (…) Study Group DOE-Proposal Precursor; Ring Design CD 0, 1, … HGF Application(s) p. EDM Ring at BNL JEDI

polarized beam in ring one particle with magnetic moment makes one turn “spin closed orbit vector” “spin tune” stable polarization if ║ ring A resonances if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency Frank Rathmann 19 th International Spin Physics Symposium 48

EDM at COSY – COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons p = 0. 3 – 3. 7 Ge. V/c Phase space cooled internal & extracted beams COSY Injector cyclotron f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de … the spin-physics machine for hadron physics Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 49

Spin Precession (* rest frame) In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles, the spin precession is given by: Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields EDM signal Systematic error

Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry Electric dipole moment (EDM) A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and time reversal symmetry (T). Assuming CPT to hold, the combined symmetry CP is violated as well. f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 51

Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry EDM searches - only upper limits up to now: Huge efforts under way to improve limits / find EDMs Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model 485. WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 04 06, 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings http: //www 2. fz-juelich. de/ikp/edm/en/ f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 52

Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry NEW: EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring: “Freeze“ horizontal spin precession; watch for development of a vertical component ! A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic), deuterons, … particle p (Ge. V/c) E (MV/m) B (T) proton 0. 701 16. 789 0. 000 deuteron 1. 000 -3. 983 0. 160 1. 285 17. 158 -0. 051 3 He f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY One machine with r ~ 30 m 53

An all-in-one machine: Protons E-field only f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 54

An all-in-one machine: Deuterons E and B fields f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 55

Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY A. Lehrach (FZJ), B. Lorentz (FZJ, B. W. Morse (BNL), N. Nikolaev (FZJ & Landau Inst) F. Rathmann (FZJ) PNPI Winter School, Rajvola, 01. 02. 2012

Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry 2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW, CCW) Approved BNL-Proposal: Goal for protons Circumference ~ 200 m Technological challenges ! • • Spin coherence time (1000 s) Beam positioning (10 nm) Continuous polarimetry (< 1 ppm) E - field gradients (~ 17 MV/m at 2 cm) Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 57

COSY: Concept for Snake • Should allow for flexible use at two locations • Fast ramping (< 30 s) ANKE PAX • Cryogen-free system • Should be available in 2012 B dl (Tm) pn→{pp}sπ- at 353 Me. V PAX at COSY 140 Me. V f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de 3. 329 1. 994 Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

An all-in-one machine: Helions E and B fields f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 59

PE 1: Use a combination of a snake and RF fields Snake only Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit alongitudinal axis f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

PE 1: Use a combination of a snake and RF fields RF E-field Snake + RF E-field, odd turns f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

PE 1: Use a combination of a snake and RF fields Snake + RF E-field, even turns RF E-field Snake RF E-field 2 Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 62

PE 1: Use a combination of a snake and RF fields RF E-field Snake RF E-field 2 • • • Tp=140 Me. V ERF=1 MV/m, Lcavity=0. 5 m Time of store 24 h 6. 3 1010 turns =1 10 -7 rad Sensitivity: • dp=10 -17 e cm p=5. 9 105 s • dp=10 -18 e cm p=5. 9 107 s f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de P(n) Parameters of a proton EDM measurement: dp=10 -18 e cm dp=10 -17 e cm n (number of turns) Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 63

PE 2: Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d ) It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously. p and d at same momentum Polarimeter (determines pp and dp elastic) • Assume dp=10 -24 e cm. • Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter. • Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only. • Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeter. • Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd. • Sensitivity similar to g-2 d : dd=10 -19 e cm. f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

PE 3: Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE 1) spin precession governed by: (* rest frame) Two situations: 1. B*=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 k. V/cm) 2. E*=0 ER = - By EDM effect no EDM effect vertical polarization RF E-field stored d Polarimeter (dp elastic) This way, the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle. Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about: . Brings us in the 10 -24 e cm range for dd f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

PE 3: Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY Parameters: beam energy assumed EDM E-field reversed every - /(G ) 21 turns Constant E-field Number of turns f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Td=50 Me. V dd=10 -20 e cm 10 k. V/cm Number of turns Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

PE 3: Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY Parameters: beam energy assumed EDM E-field Td=50 Me. V dd=10 -20 e cm 10 k. V/cm Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px 2+Py 2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=3. 7 108 turns) EDM effect accumulates Polarimeter determines Px, Py and Pz Number of turns f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

PE 4: Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR Measurement using an all magnetic ring • Sideways P, EDM produces growing Py • Using two sub-beams with different v and modulating v allows one to isolate d. • Sensitivity dd=10 -29 e cm/yr • Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger. Orlov, Morse, Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006) f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

Summary • Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools. Top priority to make them available ASAP! • Next step: • Scrutinize potential of different PEs • Identify PE with best systematic limit on dp, d. f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742 -1799) “Man muß etwas Neues machen, um etwas Neues zu sehen. ” “You have to make (create) something new, if you want to see something new” f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 70

Spare transparencies f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 71

Frozen Spin Method (FSM) Spin vector Momentum vector Spin coherence time: 103 s for measurement on 10 -29 e·cm level • Lower energy particle • …just right • Higher energy particle For , the spin precession (magnetic moment) relative to the momentum direction is given by f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 72

Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields G > 0 for γ > 1, if only electric fields are applied μp / μN = 2. 792 847 356 (23) Gp = 1. 7928473565 μd / μN = 0. 857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -0. 14298727202 μHe-3 / μN = -2. 127 497 718 (25) G 3 He= -4. 1839627399 Nuclear magneton: μN = eħ / (2 mpc) = 5. 050 783 24 (13) · 10 -27 J T-1 Magic momentum for protons: p = 700. 74 Me. V/c f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 73

spin manipulation 180 o snakes there is an for every point of the orbit Snakes (non-vertical B field) affect flippers ramping through a resonance reverses f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY spin closed orbit 74

Machine acceptance In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD) → Single-Coulomb scattering at the target dominates beam loss cooled beam target ring acceptance lost K. Grigoriev et al. , NIMA 599, 130 (2009) f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

Future: Time Reversal Invariance Test COSY-TRIC: P-even, T-odd COSY used as accelerator and detector: Total polarization correlation coefficient Ay, xz leads to relative difference of current slopes IBeam time PAX f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Milestone: Operation of Precision BCT with I/I<10 -4 Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

Need for a high precision BCT Status TRI Test at COSY • Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies Possible solution: Cryogenic Current Comparator, read out by low-temperature superconducting quantum interference device D. Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009) A. Steppke, IEEE Trans. Appl. Superc. (2009) Highest resolution achieved: 250 p. A/ Hz f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry 2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW, CCW) Approved BNL-Proposal: Goal for protons Circumference ~ 200 m Technological challenges ! • • Spin coherence time (1000 s) Beam positioning (10 nm) Continuous polarimetry (< 1 ppm) E - field gradients (~ 17 MV/m at 2 cm) Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY Frank Rathmann 19 th International Spin Physics Symposium 78

Limits for Electric Dipole Moments EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in e cm): Particle/At om Neutron Current EDM Limit 3 10 -26 Future Goal 10 -28 dn equivalent 10 -28 199 Hg 3. 1 10 -29 10 -26 129 Xe 6 10 -27 Proton 7. 9 10 -25 10 -29 10 -30 – 10 -33 10 -29 Deuteron ? 10 -29 10 -26 – 10 -29 3 10 -29 – 5 10 -33 Huge efforts underway to improve limits / find EDMs Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 79

Spin Precession Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields: (* rest frame) In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles, the spin precession is given by: Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields EDM signal Systematic error Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 80

Search for Electric Dipole Moments NEW approach: EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring: “Freeze“ horizontal spin precession; watch for development of a vertical component ! A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic), deuterons, … particle p (Ge. V/c) E (MV/m) B (T) proton 0. 701 16. 789 0. 000 deuteron 1. 000 -3. 983 0. 160 3 He 1. 285 17. 158 -0. 051 One machine with r ~ 30 m January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 81

Spin coherence We usually don‘t worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis Polarization not affected! At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent) After some time, spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone Situation very different, when you deal with Longitudinal polarization vanishes! At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time, the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane In an EDM machine with frozen spin, observation time is limited. Spin coherence time: 103 s for measurement on 10 -29 e·cm level January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 82

Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY RF Solenoid: water-cooled copper coil in a ferrite box • Length 0. 6 m • Frequency range 0. 4 to 1. 2 MHz • Integrated field ∫Brms dl ~ 1 T·mm reference oscillation 5 s decoherence time 25 s oscillation capture Simple model 5 s RF solenoid: on off on Spokesperson: E. Stephenson (IUCF) January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 83

Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Jülich study group Spin precession governed by: Two situations: (* rest frame) 1. B*=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 k. V/cm) 2. E*=0 ER = - By RF E(B)-field vertical polarization EDM effect no EDM effect Conclusion from simple model: stored d Polarimeter (dp elastic) • EDM signal is increased during the cycle • Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10 -23 to 10 -24 e cm range possible • Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity) • Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 84

Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper Exciting result of the Jülich Study Group • Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitude • Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 85

EDM Cooperation International sr. EDM Network Institutional (Mo. U) and Personal (Spokespersons …) Cooperation, Coordination sr. EDM Collaboration (BNL) sr. EDM Collaboration (FZJ) Common R & D RHIC Beam Position Monitors (…) EDM-at-COSY Polarimetry Spin Coherence Time Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (…) Study Group DOE-Proposal Precursor; Ring Design CD 0, 1, … HGF Application(s) p. EDM Ring at BNL JEDI January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 86

Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs A measurement of n, p, d, 3 He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (Ch. H. ) Copied from K. Jungmann January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 87

History of neutron EDM limits • Smith, Purcell, Ramsey PR 108, 120 (1957) • RAL-Sussex-ILL (dn 2. 9 10 -26 e cm) PRL 97, 131801 (2006) Adopted from K. Kirch January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 88

Why also EDMs of protons and deuterons? Proton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons Consensus in theoretical community: Essential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p, d, 3 He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis. January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 89

Frozen Spin Method (FSM) Spin vector Momentum vector Spin coherence time: 103 s for Lower energy particle …just right Higher energy particle measurement on 10 -29 e·cm level For , the spin precession (magnetic moment) relative to the momentum direction is given by January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 90

Spin Motion in Storage Rings For the case of , the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by , where is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment. The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 91

Systematic Effects Most serious systematic effect: non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field Radial precession The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession Needs to be minimized If, for example, we already know that the d. EDM < 3 · 10− 25 e · cm, the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level <Ev>/ ER ≤ 10− 10 in every fill Field stability, ground motion, temperature stability January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 92

Two EDM Storage Ring Projects Copied from R. Talman Copied from A. Lehrach January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 93

EDM Projects Light-Ion EDM Jülich Proton EDM BNL R&D Activity Goal Test Internal Polarimeter spin as a function of time Systematic errors < 1 ppm EDM at COSY Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY >103 s EDM at COSY Spin Coherence Time Beam Position Monitor resolution 10 nm, 1 Hz BW BNL 64 BPMs, 107 s measurement RHIC IP January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 94 time

List of Activities (Accelerator) Prototype E-B Deflectors ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF Layout: Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plate Design: Mechanical design of the deflector Prototype: Development of a deflector prototype Test bench: Study field quality and stability Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams) Beam and Spin Simulations COSY Infinity Code: Beam simulation for COSY ring started January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 95

Simulation of Spin Rotations Parameters: beam energy assumed EDM E-field reversed every - /(G ) 21 turns Td=50 Me. V dd=10 -20 e cm 10 k. V/cm Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=3. 7 108 turns) EDM effect accumulates Polarimeter determines Px, Py and Pz Number of turns Courtesy: F. Rathmann January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 96

WE-Heraeus Seminar: Search for EDMs at Storage Rings Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, July 4 -6, 2011 3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data. “No lattice” model in which betatron oscillation effects included by a path lengthening mechanism, scaled to match the measured emittance. Band represents Monte Carlo errors for 1000 particles in model. Using a Gaussian shape, “half life” represented by this point is 75 s. We could not have seen this effect for uncooled beam as synchrotron oscillations inside beam bunch damped reference oscillation pattern. Curve is “no lattice” model. Expected half life 5 -10 s. January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 97 17

18 WE-Heraeus Seminar: Search for EDMs at Storage Rings Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, July 4 -6, 2011 3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data. Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes Cooled Uncooled January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 98

19 WE-Heraeus Seminar: Search for EDMs at Storage Rings Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, July 4 -6, 2011 3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data. Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes Cooled Uncooled January 25, 2012 | A. Lehrach EDM Project 99

Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY A. Lehrach (FZJ), B. Lorentz (FZJ, B. W. Morse (BNL), N. Nikolaev (FZJ & Landau Inst) F. Rathmann (FZJ) PNPI Winter School, Rajvola, 01. 02. 2012

t t=L/v

Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry EDM searches - only upper limits up to now: Huge efforts under way to improve limits / find EDMs Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model 485. WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 04 06, 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings http: //www 2. fz-juelich. de/ikp/edm/en/ f. rathmann@fz-juelich. de Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 109

Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment P = 0. 8 A = 0. 6 ER = 17 MV/m NBeam = 2· 1010 p/fill f = 0. 55% TTot = 107 s Spin = 103 s Beam polarization Analyzing power of polarimeter Radial electric field strength Total number of stored particles per fill Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency) Total running time per year Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time) for one year measurement Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY A. Lehrach (FZJ), B. Lorentz (FZJ, B. W. Morse (BNL), N. Nikolaev (FZJ & Landau Inst) F. Rathmann (FZJ) PNPI Winter School, Rajvola, 01. 02. 2012