Ed Hightower Io T Slam December 9 2015

Ed Hightower Io. T Slam December 9, 2015 Internet of Things Low Power Wide Area Networks Six Approaches.

Agenda � Brief history of M 2 M and the Internet of Things (Io. T) � Key Components of the Io. T Ø Devices / remote terminals / objects Ø Connectivity - Wireless Networks Ø Io. T Backend: data nets, computers, dbs, analytics, Big Data � Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)

Clarification � These are my personal observations � Not speaking on behalf of Black. Berry or any other entity � Thanks to these companies and groups for the public information they provided � Logos shown in this presentation are copyrights of their respective owners

1832: An electromagnetic telegraph was created by Baron Schilling in Russia, and in 1833 Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber invented their own code to communicate over a distance of 1200 m within Göttingen, Germany. 1844: Samuel Morse sends the first Morse code public telegraph message "What hath God wrought? " from Washington, D. C. to Baltimore. 1926: Nikola Tesla in an interview with Colliers magazine: "When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is, all things being particles of a real and rhythmic whole. . and the instruments through which we shall be able to do this will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket. "

M 2 M: Past and Present (point solutions / vertical systems) � Telemetry � SCADA � Industrial Automation � Telematics � Wireline � Microwave � Private Radio � Wi-Fi � Satellite

The Internet of Things Will Dwarf All Previous Inflection Points

Andy Grove: Inflection Points from “Only the Paranoid Survive” � Integrated circuit is invented in 1958 Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce changed the world Basis for all electronic devices we have today � 1984 - Bell telephone monopoly was disbanded � Early 80’s – personal computers � Early 90’s – the Internet became available to the masses � 2007 – Apple introduced the i. Phone

Internet of Things: The Future The Io. T will become the nervous system for the planet Help optimize our planet: Ø smarter power distribution Ø more efficient cities Ø digital battlefields Ø self-optimizing supply chains Ø hyper-targeted products M 2 M point systems will be integrated to become the Internet of Things:

Three Key Components of Io. T DEVICES CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS IOT BACKEND SYSTEMS

Networks – Wireless Connectivity

Networks Available � Wireline � Microwave � Private Radio � Cellular (2 G, 3 G, LTE) � Wi-Fi / Mesh / Zig. Bee / SRD � Satellite

Drawbacks to old networks • Cellular is very expensive, power hungry and complex to implement and manage • Wi-Fi, mesh, Zig. Bee, Bluetooth, etc. suffer from short range and complexity to manage large scale deployments • Private radio, microwave are not ubiquitous • Satellite is expensive and impractical for many applications.

Machine Communications � Per Machina Research: • More than 50% of Io. T/M 2 M connections need only a few bytes of data transmitted to and from the remote device periodically • Real-time communications not needed i. e. some latency is acceptable • Long battery life required • In-building coverage/penetration desired

Connected Devices: Market Projected by Type Cellular Lo Power WAN Internet of objects LAN BT 14

Connected Devices: Access Lo Power WAN LAN Short Range Long Range w/ Battery ü Well established standards Good for: • • • q Mobile devices In-home Short range Not good: • • Battery life Long range Long Range w/Power Internet of Objects Communicating Devices ü Cellular ü ü Emerging PHY solutions / Undecided Good for: • • • q Long range Long battery Low cost Not good: • High data-rate Traditional M 2 M ü ü q Well established standards Good for: • • • Long range High data-rate Coverage • • Battery life Cost Not good:

Requirements for LPWANs Internet of Objects 80% of volume LPWAN Requirements: Low power transmit technology Long range communication Low power consumption Long battery life Low cost communications & infrastructure Scalable system Permits mobility Reliable communication

Six LPWAN Approaches 1. SIGFOX 2. Lo. Ra WAN / Lo. Ra Alliance. Semtech 3. Weightless-N 4. Weightless-P 5. RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access) - Ingenu 6. NB-LTE – 3 GPP / Intel, Ericsson and Nokia

Key LPWAN Characteristics Key approaches to LPWAN implementation: �Narrow band vs Spread spectrum �Unlicensed frequencies vs Cellular spectrum

Lo. Ra Overview � Lo. Ra utilized a spread spectrum based modulation Advantages � � � Demodulate below noise floor – 30 d. B better than FSK Better sensitivity than FSK (better Eb/No) More robust to interference, noise, and jamming Spreading codes orthogonal – multiple signals can occupy same channel Tolerant to frequency offsets (unlike DSSS)

SIGFOX � Proprietary protocol � Ultra Narrow Band (200 Hz) � Very low data throughput (100 bps & 140 msgs/day) � Added two-way communications late 2014 � Compelling business model � Head start – deployed in 8 countries now � Plan is for 60 countries in 5 years Will provide global cellular-Io. T connectivity � Significant ecosystem / investment partners Samsung, Telefonica, SK Telecom, NTT Docomo, GDF Suez, Air Liquide, Eutelsat, Elliott Mgt. , etc. � Received over $150 M in 4 Rounds from 14 Investors � About to launch in 10 US cities

Lo. Ra. WAN �Proprietary protocol at PHY layer �Spread spectrum technology �Long range / Two-way comm. �Low power consumption �Three classes of device endpoints: Class A – each endpoint transmission is followed by two short downlink receive windows / long battery life Class B – Class A functionality plus extra receive windows at scheduled times Class C – continuously open receive windows closed only when the endpoint is transmitting

Lo. Ra Network Architecture Star-of-star topology

Weightless-N Standard � � � Open Standard / royalty free IP Ultra Narrow Band (200 Hz) Very low data throughput (100 bps) 10+ year battery life NWave won the Cisco UK BIG Competition (http: //www. ciscobig. co. uk/) � � � One-way communications now Two-way planned for v 2. 0 Differential binary phase shift keying Sub 1 -GHz unlicensed spectrum Frequency hopping 128 bit AES shared secret key regime

Weightless-P (open standard / royalty free IP) � � High performance Adaptive data rate - 200 bps to 100 kbps Spread spectrum with frequency hopping Two-way communication � � � 169, 433, 470 – 510, 780, 868, 915 MHz Long range 2 km in urban environment Ultra-low-power <10 u. A/node : <10% of BT or � � Zig. Bee network Using common PHY (GFSK, o. QPSK, 802. 15. 4) Ultra-large network Easily-scaled up to 50, 000 wireless clients Consistent energy efficiency across all clients Smart networking for easy maintenance - Reliable wireless Interactive radio using sub-1 GHz ISM bands excellent coverage and penetration FDMA+TDMA modulation in 12. 5 k. Hz channels AES-128 encryption for security www. weightless. org/about/weightless. P For more info

RPMA from Ingenu - LPWAN q RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access) – Ingenu (formerly On-Ramp) Proprietary protocol 2. 4 GHz – focus on coverage Direct-sequence spread spectrum Used in 35 private networks worldwide Deploying the public Machine Network (30 US cities in 2016 – Dallas and Phoenix in late 2015) 624 Kbps uplink and 156 Kbps downlink speeds Nov. 6, 2015 - Trilliant purchased Ingenu’s smart grid business and customers (focus on utilities and smart cities)

NB-LTE (NB-Io. T) �NB-LTE (Narrow Band – LTE) 3 GPP approved “Work item” Sept. 14, 2015 ▪ Created and promoted by Nokia, Ericsson and Intel Can be fully integrated into existing LTE networks Backward compatible with existing LTE networks Works within current LTE bands / guard bands + stand alone (re-farmed GSM) frequencies Does not need an overlay network Low power consumption Low cost modules Support for massive number of devices Low delay sensitivity

NB-LTE vs NB-CIo. T �NB-CIo. T (Narrow Band – Cellular Io. T) Promoted by Huawei-Vodafone-China Unicom A variation of the Weightless-W by Neul Support from Vodafone and China Unicom Would be an overlay network �NB-LTE Won out over NB-CIo. T NB-LTE will be part of 3 GPP Release 13 in 2016

NB-LTE Supporting Members � Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell � AT&T � CATT � Deutsche Telekom � Ericsson � Huawei � Hi. Silicon � Intel � Interdigital � LG Electronics � Nokia Networks � OPPO � Panasonic Qualcomm Incorporated Samsung Sony Southern. LINC Sprint Telecom Italia SPA Telefonica Telia. Sonera T-Mobile US u-blox US Cellular Verizon Vodafone ZTE Corporation

Six LPWAN Approaches 1. SIGFOX 2. Lo. Ra WAN / Lo. Ra Alliance. Semtech 3. Weightless-N 4. Weightless-P 5. RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access) - Ingenu 6. NB-LTE – 3 GPP / Intel, Ericsson and Nokia

LPWAN - Additional Information • Sig. Fox – http: //www. sigfox. com/en/ • Lo. Ra Alliance - https: //www. lora-alliance. org/ • Semtech – http: //www. semtech. com/ • Weightless SIG - http: //www. weightless. org/ • NWave Technologies – http: //www. nwave. io/ • M 2 Communications - http: //www. m 2 comm-semi. com/ • Ingenu – http: //www. ingenu. com/ • NB-LTE (NB-Io. T) - http: //www. 3 gpp. org/news- events/3 gpp-news/1733 -niot • Ed Hightower’s Linked. In Profile – www. linkedin. com/in/edhightower

Ed Hightower www. linkedin. com/in/Ed. Hightower@Io. Tand. Beyond. com www. Io. Tand. Beyond. com Telecom Corridor, Dallas, TX Io. T Slam December 9, 2015 Internet of Things Low Power Wide Area Networks Six Approaches.