ECOTOURISM IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL MARINE PARK ETHNOECOLOGY PERSPECTIVE

ECOTOURISM IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL MARINE PARK : ETHNOECOLOGY PERSPECTIVE Click to edit Master subtitle style Destha Titi Raharjana dtraharjana@gmail. com Graduate School Gadjah Mada University

INTRODUCTION Karimunjawa archipelago in north of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia, is very potential for marine tourism. Karimunjawa is one of the six marine national park in Indonesia. As a National Marine Park, in 1988, Karimunjawa have areal 111. 625 ha, with 27 islands and 22 of them are inside the park. The biggest island is Karimunjawa. Towns or villages are located in Karimunjawa, Kemujan, Nyamuk, Parang, and Genting Island. The other islands are uninhabited. Up to now, Karimunjawa is well known as a marine tourism object in Central Java. Its marine tourism is based on its beautiful scenery, ecosystem, social and culture of the community. The name of Karimunjawa is taken from Javanese language 'Kremun kremun saking tanah Jawi' addressed by one of Wali Songo (the Nine Saints who had introduced Islam in Java) to describe how far this mini archipelago from Java, to be exact from Semarang and Jepara.

ZONATION Sanctuary Zone (1, 299 ha): A no-take zone consisting of Burung and Geleang Islands. Research and education is permitted. Wilderness Zone (7, 801 ha): Research is permitted and tourist activity is limited. It consists of Krakal Besar, Krakal Kecil, Menyawakan, Cemara Besar, Cemara Kecil, Bengkoang and part of Karimunjawa and Kemujan islands. Utilization Zone (4, 431 ha): Consists Menjangan Besar, Menjangan Kecil, Kembang, Kembar, Karang Katang, Karang Kapal, Parang, Karimunjawa and Kemujan. Buffer Zone (98, 093. 5 ha): Comprises Karimunjawa, Kemujan, Parang, and Nyamuk. These islands are inhabited. Due to the dynamic process of management, recent degradation and the degree of destruction, the current zones are no longer effective for management. The Karimunjawa National Park is now proposing a new zone management through a project that began in 2002 and is still ongoing.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS This research will be to answer the following questions : (a) How is the characteristic of area? (b) What are the activities in which community utilizes their marine resources? (c) How is the pattern of utilizing marine resources in Karimunjawa? (d) How are the perspectives of tourism subjects which serve as a base for the pattern? METHODS OF RESEARCH Library Research. Field Research. This method is to get a clear image of marine resource management in Karimunjawa. This field research includes some activities: (1). Participation observation. (2). In-depth interview.

APPROACH This study uses ethnoecology perspective to analyze environment problems through community’s point of view; based on their understanding and interpretation of condition of their surrounding environment. With an ethno science approach, this research aims to know the indications that they consider important and how they organize the indications in their knowledge system. In principle, ethnoecology draws an image of environment based on how nearby community sees it. The assumption is that effective environment, which influence human’s behavior, is cultural. It means that the physical environment has been interpreted using a particular knowledge and value system. Therefore, the same physical environment can be seen or understood differently by people from different cultural background. This interpreted environment is then called as ethno-environment or cognized environment, which is a part of cultural system of a community.

PUBLIC FACILITIES Religious Service Mosque Church Communication TELKOM Transportation Land Transportations Colt Pedicab Motor cycle Sea Transportations Ferry Speed boat Plane Carter Flight ( Kura-Kura Resort ) Electricity PLTD Kalisda dan TELKOM Water PDAM Swakarsa Security TN Karimunjawa dan AL Public Health Puskesmas Accomodation Hotel Home Stay Education Service SD/ MI SLTP/ Mts SLTA/MAN/SMK

DAILY ACTIVITES

TOURISM FACILITIES Kartini’s Speed Boat Rou Semaran te – Karimunja g ( 3, 5 wa hour) – Jepar – Semaran g Karimunja a wa (4 hour) Fery Muria Jepar a Rou – te. Karimunja (6 wa hour) Carter Flight Rou Semaran te – Karimunja g (1 wa hour)

TOURISM FACILITIES Star Hotel ( Province Jateng) = 1 unit Wisma (Jepara Regency) = 1 unit Resort (investor) = 3 units Home stay (local community) = 20 units

TOURISM FACILITIES

TOURIST’S ACTIVITIES

TOURIST’S ACTIVITIES

Ethnoecology of Karimunjawa Tourism: Perspective of Local Guide Snorkelling Ocean Diving Camping Marine Attraction Island Sunbathing RESULTS Fishing Beach Fishery Watching Attraction Bird Watching Hill Tracking Art & Culture Land Attraction Village Traditional performance Mangrove Tracking Mangrove Fishing, Crab and Shell Hunting

Location and Rankings of Marine Tourism Attractions Tourism Attraction Swimming Ranking Location Karimunjawa Isle (north) 1 2 Snorkeling 3 1 2 Diving 3 1 2 Fishing 3 1 2 3 Karimunjawa Isle (west) Menjangan Besar Isle Menjangan Kecil Isle RESULTS Kemujan Isle Parang Isle Kumbang Isle Bengkoang Isle Krakal Kecil Isle Menyawakan Isle Cemara Besar Isle Cemara Kecil Isle Kapal Reef Besi Reef Krakal Kecil Isle Krakal besar Isle 1 = good, 2 = average, 3 = bad

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level Fifth Outline Level 1 2 3 Peringkat Diving Snorkling Memancing Pulau & Pantai

1 2 3 Peringkat Diving Snorkling Memancing Pulau & Pantai

1 2 3 Peringkat Diving Snorkling Memancing Pulau & Pantai

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level Fifth Outline Level

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level Fifth Outline Level

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level Fifth Outline Level

CONCLUSION 1. 1. 1. Some community members have succeeded in running businesses in ecotourism, especially in marine tourism. Two well growing types of business in Karimunjawa are accommodation (hotel, resort, etc) and marine tour package service. Though seems not well planned, a marine tourism service offered by Karimunjawa community has succeeded quite well. Three tour packages are found, and all of them are based on local knowledge of marine environment. Local subjects in Karimunjawa are capable of using their environmental knowledge to design marine tour packages. They consider the condition of their local environment and utilize it to attract tourists and run their business. Tour packages are not always offering the best quality of attractions. Each of the packages is combined from various quality of attraction (good, average, and bad). However, tourists seemed unaware of this. Karimunjawa tourism is still heavily oriented to marine tourism. Local community seems unable to see the potential of their land tourism yet. In fact, Karimunjawa actually possess a good potential in land tourism. Karimunjawa has some forest and mangrove area that are perfect for ecotourism, but the local subjects do not have the knowledge and enthusiasm to develop it yet.

THANK YOU WELCOME TO KARIMUNJAWA 2222

How to Get There From Jakarta, Karimunjawa can be reached by domestic flights served by Garuda Airways, Mandala Airlines, Lion Air, Sriwijaya Air and Batavia Air to Semarang. And then from Semarang there are two options to reach Karimunjawa; using plane or speed boat. Visitors may use chartered flight from Ahmad Yani Airport or KMC KARTINI I speed boat from Tanjung Mas Harbor. Approximately it needs 3 hours sailing from Semarang to Karimunjawa by boat. Beside the two options above there is public ferry KMP Muria departs from Kartini Harbor Jepara. It needs 5 - 6 hours to reach Karimunjawa from Jepara by KMP Muria, while transportation between the islands is served by local fishermen’s boats, which can be hired anytime. Boat Schedules to Karimunjawa: KMC KARTINI I Semarang to Karimunjawa -Saturday: Semarang – Karimunjawa (08. 30 WIB) -Monday: (in the first and third week of the month) Semarang (07: 00 WIB) – Jepara (09: 30 WIB) – Karimunjawa to Semarang - Sunday: Karimunjawa – Semarang 14. 00 WIB - Tuesday: (in the first and third week of the month) Karimunjawa (11: 00 WIB) – Jepara – Semarang KMP MURIA Jepara to Karimunjawa - Wednesday: Jepara – Karimunjawa (08: 30 WIB) - Saturday: Jepara – Karimunjawa (08: 30 WIB) Karimunjawa to Jepara - Thursday: Karimunjawa – Jepara (08: 30 WIB) - Monday: Karimunjawa – Jepara (08: 30 WIB)

Best Time to Visit The best time to visit the islands is from April through November. It can also be visited from December through March, but due to the rainy season, visitors may experience stronger winds and bigger waves. The most comfortable time to visit the Karimunjawa is from April to July and September to November because of the calm water and wind. Further Information : - Tourism Department of Jepara Regency A. R. Hakim #51 Street, Jepara Phone: (+62 -291)591219 - Tourism Department of Central Java Province Pemuda No. 136 Street, - 50138 Semarang, Indonesia Phone: +62 -24 -354 6001 Fax: +62 -24 - 3557119 Website: http: //www. central-java-tourism. com Email: tourism@smg. bit. net. id