Ecosystems What is an Ecosystem Ecosystem A community

What is an Ecosystem? �Ecosystem – A community of organisms in a given area

Habitat and Niche �Habitat – A place where animals and plants naturally live and

Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors �Abiotic – All the nonliving factors in an area. �Examples:

Populations in Ecosystems �Population – A group of organisms belonging to the same species

Competition �The relationship between living things that depend on the same resources in the

Cooperation �Type of animal behavior in which social animals live and work together for

Population Factors Things that effect a population… �Density-Dependent Factors – Factors triggered by overpopulation

Population Simulation �Watch the Simulation and observe how the bunny population changes when Biotic

Symbiotic Relationships �Species may form relationships with other species to increase the chance of

�Commensalism: a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected.

�Parasitism: a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is harmed.

Food Web Animal Name Clarification Larg e Fish Gulls and Terns Wadin g Birds

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Ecosystems

What is an Ecosystem? �Ecosystem – A community of organisms in a given area and the abiotic factors that affect them.

Habitat and Niche �Habitat – A place where animals and plants naturally live and grow. �Niche – A habitat that supplies the factors necessary for existence. �Also, the ecological role of an organism in its community.

Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors �Abiotic – All the nonliving factors in an area. �Examples: water availability, amount of sunlight, temperature, precipitation, etc. �Also includes Nitrogen and Carbon Cycles �Biotic – All the living factors in an area. �Examples: plants,

Populations in Ecosystems �Population – A group of organisms belonging to the same species that live in a particular area. �What kinds of things influence a Population? �What makes Population Numbers increase? �What makes Population Numbers decrease?

Competition �The relationship between living things that depend on the same resources in the same place at the same time.

Cooperation �Type of animal behavior in which social animals live and work together for the good of the group.

Population Factors Things that effect a population… �Density-Dependent Factors – Factors triggered by overpopulation or overcrowding. �Examples: Competition (food, water, shelter), Predation, Parasitism, and Disease. �Density-Independent Factors – Factors that occur regardless of the population.

Population Simulation �Watch the Simulation and observe how the bunny population changes when Biotic and Abiotic Factors are introduced. �Answer the questions on your paper. �http: //phet. colorado. edu/en/simulation/natural-

Symbiotic Relationships �Species may form relationships with other species to increase the chance of survival �Symbiosis - a close relationship between organisms of different species in which at least one organism benefits.

�Commensalism: a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected. �Ex: Spanish moss and a tree �Mutualism: a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. �Ex: Ants and acacia

�Parasitism: a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is harmed. �Ex: Ticks, tapeworms, tree fungus

Food Web Animal Name Clarification Larg e Fish Gulls and Terns Wadin g Birds Small Fish Bivalve s Benthic Invertebrate s Herbivorous Ducks