Ecosystems Jeopardy Round 2 Bioaccumulation Invasive Species Photosynthesis

Ecosystems Jeopardy Round 2

Bioaccumulation Invasive Species Photosynthesis Succession Grab Bag 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30 40 40 40 50 50 50

BIOACCUMULATION -10 Bioaccumulation is: A) The gradual gathering of substances, transferring from the environment into an organism. B) The accumulation of garbage in landfills C) The movement of toxins up the food chain, getting increasingly harmful to the higher predators. D) The gathering and storing of possessions in a home

BIOACCUMULATION -10 A)The accumulation (gradual gathering) of substances, transferring from the environment into an organism.

BIOACCUMULATION -20 List at least 2 types of Substances that can bio-accumulate

BIOACCUMULATION -20 • • Nutrients Toxins Pesticides Organic and Inorganic Compounds and Elements (such as mercury) • Other pollutants

BIOACCUMULATION -30 • What is biomagnification? • (also known as bioamplification)

BIOACCUMULATION - 30 • The tendency for substances (toxins, pollutants) to collect in higher quantities, and in higher concentrations as you move up the food chain. • The Problem Magnifies! Gets BIGGER!

BIOACCUMULATION -50 • ________ occurs across trophic levels (across the food chain) • ________ occur within a single organism

BIOACCUMULATION - 50 • 1) Biomagnification • 2) Bioaccumulation

BIOACCUMULATION - 40 • Describe the situation in the following image

BIOACCUMULATION – 40 MERCURY IN FISH • Mercury is enters the atmosphere through Coal Plant Emissions or Volcanic activity • Mercury collects in rain clouds and makes its way down into water systems • Fish absorb mercury efficiently • Larger fish eat many small fish and build up higher levels of mercury • Some have been banned for consumption for they present a toxic risk

INVASIVE SPECIES- 10 What is the definition of an Invasive Specie?

INVASIVE SPECIES- 10 Non-native (a. k. a: exotic, alien) to a given ecosystem, and have been accidentally or deliberately introduced to a NEW ECOSYSTEM or area.

INVASIVE SPECIES - 20 How do Zebra Mussels move to new areas and ecosystems? What is the most common way they spread?

INVASIVE SPECIES - 20 • Zebra Mussels are transported by boat usually. They stick to the bottom and go unnoticed. If the boat is taken from one lake to another the Zebra Mussels may invade a new area or water system. • Other aquatic equipment such as wakeboards, skis, canoes, and scuba diving gear can pick up these mussels.

INVASIVE SPECIES - 30 • Why are Invasive Species a negative addition to a new ecosystem? What are some of the bad/harmful things that may happen? • List at least 3 different ideas

INVASIVE SPECIES- 30 • Can create Competition with organisms already living in that ecosystem. • For Food • For Shelter • For Water • For Space Once there is one change in the Food Chain… the whole Web is affected and changed. Changes the Balance in the Ecosystem (can possibly throw things off-balance) Can cause Economic Harm (Cost Money) by damaging things like pipelines and interrupting business such as the fishing industry

INVASIVE SPECIES - 40 We saw in the video “How Wolves Change Rivers” that sometimes the addition of an organism into an area can have benefits or positives. We also saw some benefits or positives to the Zebra Mussel. Choose one (Wolves or Zebra Mussels) and describe the good side of the story.

INVASIVE SPECIES - 40 • Can BALANCE an unbalanced ecosystem • For Example: If there is an overpopulation of herbivores, the producers (plants/grass) may not be able to support a diverse ecosystem. • Can be a new food source or become prey for another species • Mussel example: Their shells provided a new shelter or protection for smaller aquatic organisms

INVASIVE SPECIES - 50 In the mid 1800’s I came to North America. I am extremely hungry and will cause some serious devastation to the foliage. Be careful, you may be allergic to my hair! When the wind blows you may get annoyed when I am around. Who am I?

INVASIVE SPECIES - 50

PHOTOSYNTHESIS -10 • __________ make/create energy. Consumers need to eat other organisms to obtain energy.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS -10 • Producers

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 20 Photosynthesis Inputs and Outputs Sunlight + Water + ______ (+ chlorophyll) = Oxygen and ______

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 20 Sunlight + Water + Carbon Dioxide (+ chlorophyll) = Oxygen and Glucose (Sugar)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 30 What is Chlorophyll?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 30 Leaves are green because they contain the pigment: Chlorophyll Responsible for the chemical reaction during photosynthesis that produces glucose (sugar)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 40 What is Cellular Respiration?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 40 • Cellular Respiration is a process occurring in all living cells. • Cells need to obtain energy and release waste • The process of respiration, is when your body cells use Oxygen to release the Energy from food.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 50 • What is the Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration? _____ + Food = Energy + ______+ Water Inputs Outputs

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 50 Cellular Respiration: Oxygen + Food Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water Inputs Outputs

SUCCESSION - 10 • What is it called when there is growth and development of a community (often plants first) in an area that has never before any plant or other populations?

SUCCESSION - 10 Primary Succession

SUCCESSION - 20 TRUE OR FALSE ? ? ? Succession is a very rapid change that can happen within a few days in an ecosystem!

SUCCESSION - 20 • FALSE! • Succession is a slow gradual process of change that occurs over time.

SUCCESSION - 30 What is Secondary Succession?

SUCCESSION - 30 Secondary succession begins after a community is destroyed by natural disaster such as flood, tornado, fire, hurricane… etc.

SUCCESSION - 40 • Name 2 examples of human impact on the environment… specifically how do humans prevent/negatively impact succession from happening?

SUCCESSION - 40 By building houses, streets, sidewalks, buildings, landfills, . . . Etc. humans impact the environment. Succession (growth and change) can’t occur. By cutting our lawns, weeding, and spraying chemicals on fields and crops we are also preventing natural succession (change and growth)

SUCCESSION - 50 Name two ways that humans can help succession along… and accelerate (speed up) the process

SUCCESSION - 50 • Burning crops/fields to prepare for new growth after the winter (This does NOT mean burning forests and full ecosystems down on purpose!!!) • Watering plants and fertilizing crops, gardens, and land.

GRAB BAG - 10 • What is going on in the following picture?

GRAB BAG – 10 • Zebra Mussels Clogging a Water Intake Pipe!

GRAB BAG - 20 • An experiment wrong. I was intentionally released! Control all the beetles… that was supposed to be my feast. • Spreading out quickly. I am multiplying fast. As for everything around me…. If you fit you will not last. Who am I?

GRAB BAG – 20 Cane Toad

GRAB BAG - 30 Where does the saying “Mad as a Hatter” Come from? What historical significance or connection to Science does this have?

GRAB BAG – 30 • Mad hatter disease, or mad hatter syndrome, is a commonly used name for Mercury Poisoning (Bioaccumulation) among hat makers whose felting work involved prolonged exposure to mercury vapours in the Victorian Era (1800’s). The neurotoxic effects created some very odd behaviour indeed! Their brain functioning was altered because of the

GRAB BAG - 40 Please find 5 Different Food Chains In the Following Food Web!!!!

GRAB BAG – 40 1) Terrestrial Plants Insects Rat Snake Hawk 2) Terrestrial Plants Insects Rat Hawk 3) Aquatic Plants Small Fish Frog Crane Hawk 4) Aquatic Plants Small Fish Big Fish Duck Hawk 5) Aquatic Plants Snail Sparrow Hawk 6) Aquatic Plants Snail Big Fish Crane Hawk 7) ……….

GRAB BAG - 50 • Compare Energy Movement through the Food Pyramid to Pesticide and Toxin Movement through the Food Pyramid. • What is the difference?

GRAB BAG – 50 Energy passes through the food chain Energy is lost as you move up the Food Pyramid Levels of toxins and harmful substances can increase as you move up the Food Pyramid