ECOSYSTEMS BIOMES TERRESTRIAL Terrestrial ecosystems that contain a
ECOSYSTEMS
BIOMES (TERRESTRIAL) Terrestrial ecosystems that contain a number of smaller but related ecosystems Distinguished by presence of characteristic plants and animals Commonly identified by dominant plant life
TUNDRA Permafrost Treeless Long winters Largest and northernmost biome
TROPICAL FOREST Stable temperature Wet and dry seasons Most plant life is trees because of competition for light Highest species richness biome
TEMPERATE FOREST Coniferous or deciduous Distinct seasons Moderate climate
TAIGA Boreal forest Mostly coniferous trees Long winters, short summers Nutrient-poor soil
TEMPERATE GRASSLAND Rainfall patterns too dry for trees Rich, fertile soil Farmland
SAVANNA Some deciduous trees Short wet season, long periods of drought
CHAPARRAL Dense, spiny shrubs Some coniferous trees Mild, rainy winters Hot, dry summers
DESERT Average rainfall <25 cm Most animals and plants conserve water and avoid heat
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
OCEAN ZONES Photic Portion of the ocean that receives sunlight Aphotic Portion of the ocean that does not receive sunlight
OCEAN ZONES Intertidal Neritic Oceanic Deep water
INTERTIDAL ZONE Area of the shoreline that is covered by water during high tide and exposed to air during low tide
NERITIC ZONE Extends from Intertidal zone over continental shelf and to relatively shallow depths
OCEANIC ZONE Deep water Pelagic Zone Benthic Zone
ESTUARY Occur where freshwater rivers and streams run into the ocean Species rich Examples Bays Salt marshes Mangrove swamp forests
FRESHWATER ZONES Lakes and Ponds Rivers and Streams Wetlands
LAKES AND PONDS Eutrophic vs. Oligotrophic
RIVERS AND STREAMS Flows down gradient Can be slow moving
WETLANDS Land covered by freshwater at least part of the year Most productive of all Freshwater Zones Marsh vs. Swamp vs. Bog
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