Economy Nigeria Nigeria intro How does Nigeria encourage

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Economy Nigeria

Economy Nigeria

Nigeria intro How does Nigeria encourage economic growth?

Nigeria intro How does Nigeria encourage economic growth?

Political Economy Nigeria

Political Economy Nigeria

Nigeria Oil Nigeria earns between $30 -$40 billion each year in oil export revenues

Nigeria Oil Nigeria earns between $30 -$40 billion each year in oil export revenues This makes up 90% of the country’s earnings. Nigeria is clearly a victim of the resource trap – there is so much oil revenue that it often serves to support nondemocratic rule Rather than depending on the public for revenue, they can co-opt or buy off stake holders & pay for the repression of others

Nigeria “ 80% System” Oil 80% of the population lives on less than two

Nigeria “ 80% System” Oil 80% of the population lives on less than two dollars a day Oil accounts for 80% of the government’s revenue 80% of Nigeria’s overall wealth is held by less than 1% of the population This wealthy elite are closely connected to the government

Nigeria Oil Today Oil Nigeria produces more than 2 million barrels of crude oil

Nigeria Oil Today Oil Nigeria produces more than 2 million barrels of crude oil per day, but as much as half a million barrels a day are stolen by local militias Militias & local gangsters also kidnap oil workers, pirate tankers, & destroy oil production facilities The four refineries in Nigeria function well below capacity The govt ends up having to import most of its fuel and then subsidize the price for people to be able to afford to use it.

Nigeria Oil Today Oil production destroys the tropical ecosystem in the south Drinking water

Nigeria Oil Today Oil production destroys the tropical ecosystem in the south Drinking water is not safe “Flaring” – setting natural gas on fire – may be the world’s largest contributor of greenhouse gases and wastes $500 million in potential revenues each year Shell & Chevron pay local leaders tribute – which increases competition among smaller ethnic groups in the Delta Armed militias have spread and their bunkering may take up to 10% of all oil that is produced

Nigeria Politicians Corruption Nigerian politicians are among the highest paid in the world Members

Nigeria Politicians Corruption Nigerian politicians are among the highest paid in the world Members of the legislature receive approximately $1. 5 million in salary The president’s air fleet is made up of 10 separate airplanes The Vice President’s residence was constructed at a cost of $20 million Conservative estimates of “missing” oil revenue are over $400 billion It’s estimated that the 2011 election had $10 billion distributed under the table

Nigeria Development Corruption Oil stops the economy from developing other parts of the economy

Nigeria Development Corruption Oil stops the economy from developing other parts of the economy Agriculture is the largest employer, but they have to import so much food. They import gasoline, even though they produce 2 million barrels of oil each day & export thousands of barrels Conservative estimates of “missing” oil revenue are over $400 billion

Nigeria Fourth Republic Corruption They have tried to break the corrupt practices of previous

Nigeria Fourth Republic Corruption They have tried to break the corrupt practices of previous regimes National Economic Empowerment & Development Strategy (NEEDS) was a program to improve prospects for economic development It increased the transparency of government finances It created the Economic & Financial Crimes Commission to pursue corruption, theft, and money laundering It improved infrastructure and expanded access to sanitation & clean water It ran through 2007

Nigeria Jonathan Corruption Jonathan has struggled to maintain the momentum in stopping corruption He

Nigeria Jonathan Corruption Jonathan has struggled to maintain the momentum in stopping corruption He has helped modernize the banking system, privatized electrical production, and encouraged foreign investment The govt launched the Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority in 2012 It takes excess profits from the oil sales & send it to the NSIA where they are out of reach of national politicians The NSIA is independent & invests those funds in infrastructure, development, & prepare for fluctuations in oil prices

Foreign Relations Nigeria

Foreign Relations Nigeria

Nigeria Foreign Relations Cold War During the Cold War, Nigeria was clearly within the

Nigeria Foreign Relations Cold War During the Cold War, Nigeria was clearly within the pro-Western camp & maintained its ties to the United Kingdom When the West was sympathetic toward Biafran independence, they moved toward a more nonaligned stance During the 1970 s they encouraged anticolonial rule in Africa They even lent diplomatic & material support to communist movements in Africa

Nigeria ECOWAS Foreign Relations It seeks a leadership role in international organizations focused on

Nigeria ECOWAS Foreign Relations It seeks a leadership role in international organizations focused on Africa Economic Community of West African States has 16 West African member nations It’s like the early days of the EU, an economic cooperation organization ECOWAS has met its obligation to intervene in armed conflict in member states: Liberia, Sierra Leone, & Mali The economic integration has been much slower

Nigeria ECOWAS Foreign Relations Nigeria is the largest member of ECOWAS They have borne

Nigeria ECOWAS Foreign Relations Nigeria is the largest member of ECOWAS They have borne the brunt of the peacekeeping efforts They have participated in UN mission in Lebanon & the India/Pakistan border It’s status as a regional actor is improving and it is becoming more of a global actor

Nigeria OPEC Foreign Relations Nigeria has been in OPEC since 1971 It’s the fifth

Nigeria OPEC Foreign Relations Nigeria has been in OPEC since 1971 It’s the fifth largest oil exporter in the world Its oil is prized because it’s easier to refine than most oil Most of its exports go to America, Europe, and Asia Instability in the Middle East may push Nigeria to the forefront of energy production

Nigeria China Foreign Relations China has invested heavily in oil extraction efforts in Nigeria

Nigeria China Foreign Relations China has invested heavily in oil extraction efforts in Nigeria China has become the largest trade and development partner, supplanting the US Western assistance is more likely to come with strings attached, but Chinese aid has not come with conditions

Nigeria African Union Foreign Relations The Organization of African Unity was started in 1963

Nigeria African Union Foreign Relations The Organization of African Unity was started in 1963 Nigeria has always been an important decision maker in the OAR Nigeria was a vocal opponent of white rule in Rhodesia and South Africa Nigeria advocates for democratic rule throughout Africa In 2002 the OAU renamed itself the African Union Nigeria and South Africa have become the leading members of the AU Nigeria has also been pushing to be a permanent member of the UN SC

Boko Haram Nigeria

Boko Haram Nigeria

Nigeria Boko Haram started in 2002 as a peaceful splinter group in the northwest

Nigeria Boko Haram started in 2002 as a peaceful splinter group in the northwest It’s leader Mohammad Yusuf was captured by the military in 2009 His public execution led to the rise of the radicalized Abubakar Shekau Since then, he has coordinated terrorist attacks with the vague goals of rooting out Western influence and more recently establishing an Islamic caliphate in the north

Nigeria Reactions Boko Haram initially attacked state institutions like govt buildings More recently, they

Nigeria Reactions Boko Haram initially attacked state institutions like govt buildings More recently, they have attacked Christian churches and Islamic mosques, bus stations, and schools The majority of their victims have been Muslims. The overwhelming majority of Nigerians have no support for Boko Haram The military responds without being careful to target actual members and may be responsible for up to half of the 20, 000 deaths caused by Boko Haram

Nigeria Kidnapping Boko Haram kidnapped 300 schoolgirls in 2014 & threatened to sell them

Nigeria Kidnapping Boko Haram kidnapped 300 schoolgirls in 2014 & threatened to sell them into slavery or make them wives This put the international spotlight on the group for the first time After negotiations in Oct 2016, 21 of the girls were released by Boko Haram In May of 2017, 83 of the girls were exchanged for five Boko Haram leaders held by the Nigerian government 113 are still missing and 13 of the kidnapped girls are presumed dead.

Nigeria Muslims & Christians Boko Haram Broader conflicts between Muslims & Christians are about

Nigeria Muslims & Christians Boko Haram Broader conflicts between Muslims & Christians are about economic inequality Almost three fourths of northerners live on less than $200 a year The literacy rate in Lagos is above 90% but it’s lower than 15% where Boko Haram is the strongest Northerners feel politically marginalized since the return of democratic rule – they tended to dominate the state & its resources under military rule

Goodluck with this stuff Nigeria

Goodluck with this stuff Nigeria

Main Ideas Nigeria Changes to Political Parties Boko Haram Ethnic Tensions Lack of Ideology

Main Ideas Nigeria Changes to Political Parties Boko Haram Ethnic Tensions Lack of Ideology Goodluck’s Guidance