Economic Surplus in Hine Estate 1501 1504 How

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Economic Surplus in Hine Estate, 1501 -1504: How Much was There and Who Got

Economic Surplus in Hine Estate, 1501 -1504: How Much was There and Who Got What? 1501 -1504 年における日根荘の経 済的余剰:その額と得をしたのは 誰か

I. Taxes, in all their variety a. 年貢, nengu, annual tax b. 段銭, tansen,

I. Taxes, in all their variety a. 年貢, nengu, annual tax b. 段銭, tansen, initially an extraordinary tax based on unit of land, the tan, 991 sq. meters; temple “tax-free land” included c. 半済, hanzei, warrior “half-tax” for military needs d. 加地子, kajishi, supplemental land tax or supplemental rent ( 守得日文 護之 陥加根亀 落地来二 子 、寺年 悉ニ十 従所月 買六 ) Bunki 2/10/6, The kajishi tax that had been bought by Negoroji was completely confiscated by the shugo.

e. 夫銭, busen, taxes paid in lieu of corvee ( 等申相事文 不入残ハ 可候分当亀 有上ハ年二

e. 夫銭, busen, taxes paid in lieu of corvee ( 等申相事文 不入残ハ 可候分当亀 有上ハ年二 中年 無者 、相 沙来閣ニ十 月 汰年候三 ヶ て 候 。よ可月三 十 り被分日 時下沙 々候汰但 の、可夫 成如申 銭 物此候 。之 ) Bunki 2/10/30: “However, as for the taxes paid in lieu in corvee, a three-month portion is due within the year. [We ask] that you pardon the remaining portion. In making this request we agree that from next year we will not be negligent in the least in paying the various levies [to his lordship]. ”

f. 彼岸銭, higansen, equinoctial tax

f. 彼岸銭, higansen, equinoctial tax

( 又小月朝昨 可々中且日文 催如令納依亀 促此延之召元 条 、沙引了 。年 。也 於汰者今申五 彼云可耕云 。月 十 畏

( 又小月朝昨 可々中且日文 催如令納依亀 促此延之召元 条 、沙引了 。年 。也 於汰者今申五 彼云可耕云 。月 十 畏 岸々 作 。 去 銭神存時二六 者妙之分月日 不之由百彼 可由雖姓岸  延仰詫等銭者 言 引之 難事在 。 也 、儀此利 。来申 之間自 月不 時加日 ハ可 反叶分催根 野 也 促 銭由 。 、 事仰来 参 ) Bunki 1/5/16, In other matters, Aritoshi came from Hineno; I had summoned him yesterday. He said that “he had been urging [the farmers] recently to pay the second month equinoctial tax, and just this morning had collected it, but incompletely. Because this is the planting season, it is a difficult time for the farmers. They petitioned him, saying that if the collection of this tax could be put off until the middle of next month, they would be much obliged, but Aritoshi had told them this couldn’t be done, and so he had been able to accomplish just this. ” I told him that this was fine. Next month, the tansen would be due, so the higan tax can not be postponed.

( ( 以廿八五十廿五五卅七百百二合日 上文文十文四十百文十文五百壱根 文 文文文 二 十文貫野 壱 文 文 三村 信石貫 百彼

( ( 以廿八五十廿五五卅七百百二合日 上文文十文四十百文十文五百壱根 文 文文文 二 十文貫野 壱 文 文 三村 信石貫 百彼 濃井三 はひ在こ 文岸 小 百御杓 こ むた利き 内銭 路在九莚  せ 利文 二御う雑杉米鱧い借御馬但算 ツ茶壺紙原代 干用器ノ不用 長 作之 盛花 椀觴  御四鯛申 大 候 豆分状 押   ニニ在す 五 引 て て 花 四 一 一うう庄ち 同膳 候 押  ツ両 用 ま日 五て文  帖 筋い 五月残亀 十分元 同 月 枚 日 十五 也年 五 日 七 月 日 廿 八 日 ) ( ( ( ) ) ( ( ) , ) ) ) ( ( ) ( ) ) Accounting Document for Hineno Village    Equinoctial Week Tansen (Bunki 1) Of the total of 1 kan 300 mon: (but this is just what remains minus the unproductive land) 200 mon beans for the horses, 5/15 150 mon dishware: five trays, 5/17 100 mon borrowed by Aritoshi, same 72 mon sea bream, four slabs 30 mon sea eel, four lengths 500 mon rice payment, monthly expense 50 mon sugiwara [paper], 2 quires, 5/28 24 mon various paper, 2 quires, same 10 mon jars/drinkware? , one pair 50 mon teabowl, one 8 mon ladles, two 20 mon straw mat Total above, 1 kan, 390 mon Aritoshi (cipher) Nagamori (cipher)

g. 閏月段銭, urūzuki tansen, intercalary tansen tax ( 銭下永 被被 相注正 懸送元 云云 。年

g. 閏月段銭, urūzuki tansen, intercalary tansen tax ( 銭下永 被被 相注正 懸送元 云云 。年 十 々 。依一 当 閏月 月十 之一 年日 境 内従 段殿 ) Eishō 1/11/11, Denka [Kujō Hisatsune] sent a message. Since this is a year with an intercalary month, there will be an extraordinary tansen tax imposed within keidai [ 境内、けいだい, refers to Kujō lands in Yamashiro, Higashi Kujō estate]

II. Big harvest; drumming of bellies! ( 満 作 、永 万正 民元 有年 鼓正

II. Big harvest; drumming of bellies! ( 満 作 、永 万正 民元 有年 鼓正 腹月 之一 日 楽 、 云 々 。当 秋 之 ) Eishō 1/7/1, “This autumn the rice heads are full, and the people are drumming their bellies with joy, I have heard. “

III. Eishō 1/3/28, Shōen Uma incident

III. Eishō 1/3/28, Shōen Uma incident

( 旦地然正訴永 可下上円人 切外者右召正 頸聞白馬出元 之尤状内テ年 由後之々可三 仰難儀献令月 料対二 付不也 。 了 。可以ヲ決十 然

( 旦地然正訴永 可下上円人 切外者右召正 頸聞白馬出元 之尤状内テ年 由後之々可三 仰難儀献令月 料対二 付不也 。 了 。可以ヲ決十 然 。献廿歟八 今銭貫之日 夜可文由 廿閣可廻  八盗沙思此 日人汰慮上 也 。成由之ハ 、可 明敗申処 。彼切 日事 、之 早 歟 、 又 ) These were the questions--whether we should execute him immediately or summon the accusers and have them face off in court with the accused--that were running through my mind when word came that Shōen Uma had secretly sent word that he would send 20 kanmon as payment [for his crime]. He also said the would provide a written confession of his guilt. For the villagers to accept a payment in exchange for dismissing a crime of thievery would be an affront to their honor, completely inappropriate. Tonight is the 28 th. I gave instructions that early tomorrow [Shōen] is to be executed by decapitation.

四六半屋 九又百八九半廿大田 十十 敷 十 五十十 歩四之 十分 歩 十歩歩 永歩歩 分 正 ハ円

四六半屋 九又百八九半廿大田 十十 敷 十 五十十 歩四之 十分 歩 十歩歩 永歩歩 分 正 ハ円 歩 歩日 正 記 元大シ若 之ハ ツヤオ下フ松 甲ワタ崎 南タ チマナタル下 子ノルニ カケ マノシイカニ 閏ククア イア ル田 ライア 三ホチリ トリ ニ ツニトリ 、 ホ 月ニニ アノ大 ア 三アア リツセ リ 、 日リリ ホマ 下 ル チ ク チ List of paddies 1) dai, 40 bu [大 (dai) = 2/3 s of a tan], in Matsushita [Iriyamada]; dai semachi [field division] 2) 20 bu Furukaito land [Iriyamada] 3) half a tan, in Shimo taira [Iriyamada] 4) 90 bu, same area 5) 80 bu, paddy in the mountains 6) 150 bu, in Tsuchimaru [Iriyamada], “lower mouth” region 7) 90 bu, dry fields Shō’en’s residential land within minami kaito Residential land 1) half a tan, in Wakasaki 2) 60 bu, in Shitarukuchi [within Iriyamada] 3) 40 bu, in the Daiwa kubo [Iriyamada, Ōgi] Eishō 1/i 3/3

( 三時買永 ・も 、過正 四如分元 千此之年 疋之儀閏 余闕也 。三 地所先月 也 。 ハ 年三

( 三時買永 ・も 、過正 四如分元 千此之年 疋之儀閏 余闕也 。三 地所先月 也 。 ハ 年三 即根 令来日 没寺 収御此 売代下 取官地 畢 、之売 ) “There has been too much buying and selling of land cultivation rights like these. Some years back at the time of the Negoroji intendant, this sort of confiscation of land occurred, and the result was that it was taken and sold. This land is worth 3000 or 4000 hiki or more. ”

 IV. Negoroji placard expenses, Bunki 2/9/12 首礼ニ毎度百疋, initial offering of 100 hiki, each

IV. Negoroji placard expenses, Bunki 2/9/12 首礼ニ毎度百疋, initial offering of 100 hiki, each time 札之代百疋、二枚取之, the cost of the edict boards, 200 hiki each 惣分之樽 十荷, casks of sake for the general body of monks, 10 hoists 内談之輩十余人太刀之代以下貳千余疋, sword money for the 10 -plus members of the “inner group, ” over 2000 hiki

( 分不物新仰 事可・花云 、文 如遺牛・所亀 然一馬木詮二 年 佐 嶋 等 之物 。 方以不以野九 ヲ本可下・月

( 分不物新仰 事可・花云 、文 如遺牛・所亀 然一馬木詮二 年 佐 嶋 等 之物 。 方以不以野九 ヲ本可下・月 モ所得此井十 可之員入原二 ・日 仰扱数山 上 。田 合無歟 郷重 哉事敵中 ニ・而 軍 之 所熊 長 条 、取 預取盛 陣 件者之・ニ 用 財 ) Bunki 2/9/12, I again spoke to Nagamori. “In short, clearly the villages of Sano, Ibara, Kaminogō, Kumatori, Shinge, and Kijima have entrusted goods, as well as cattle and horses, with Iriyamada in numbers beyond counting. If an enemy army decides to set up camp here [in Iriyamada], none of those goods will remain safely here. Because their property has been protected through my mediation, as for the necessary funds, it makes sense to discuss having these [neighboring towns help with the repayment], does it not? ”

V. Lending Masamoto funds for the month’s estate expenses

V. Lending Masamoto funds for the month’s estate expenses

判 文 亀 四 年 三 月 十 四 日 竹 原 取 渡

判 文 亀 四 年 三 月 十 四 日 竹 原 取 渡 可 有 返 弁 之 状 如 件 。 御 年 貢 に て も 段 銭 に て も 直 ニ 毎 月 貫 別 六 十 文 宛 加 利 平 、 来 秋   右 御 在 庄 用 と し て 被 借 召 処 也     合 壱 貫 参 百 文 者 秘 計 申 料 足 事 Regarding the funds privately raised: In sum, 1 kan 300 mon Regarding the amount to the right borrowed and received [by Lord Kujō] for the purpose of estate expenses. Each month interest will accrue to the extent of 60 mon per kan, and the coming autumn, whether from the income of the annual tax or the tansen tax, the debt will be directly paid off. Such is written and contracted here. Bunki 4/3/14 Takehara seal [To: ] Genroku Kunai of the hamlet of Goshodani [Iriyamada]

VI. What did they do with the surplus?

VI. What did they do with the surplus?

( 各田風 能舎流文 作 、之念亀 云土仏元 風民又年 情 、所来七 云行堂月 言可之十 詞為庭 、三 不比念日

( 各田風 能舎流文 作 、之念亀 云土仏元 風民又年 情 、所来七 云行堂月 言可之十 詞為庭 、三 不比念日 恥興仏 都哉以今 之之後夜 能由 、尽船 者 。成種淵 其々村 覚風之 之流 。衆 処 、 ) Bunki 1/7/13, Tonight it was the Funabuchi village members who came to the temple grounds for furyū nenbutsu. After the nenbutsu, they carried out various colorful dances [furyū]. As the performance of countrified peasants, it was certainly interesting. In their learning/understanding, each acted with skill. Whether in movement and bearing or in speech they were equal to the skilled performers of the capital.

( 五言番歌永 十語頭事 疋道無去正 且断沙十元 年 納次汰 、一六 之 。第仍日月 。善発二 以也 其堅興句十 今仰等下八

( 五言番歌永 十語頭事 疋道無去正 且断沙十元 年 納次汰 、一六 之 。第仍日月 。善発二 以也 其堅興句十 今仰等下八 日付以行日 重状 、 、私事 而東之仰 令方儀付太 沙番沙当井 汰頭汰段関 云三之銭社 々 。人云之連 々 。処 、 ) Eishō 1/6/28, Regarding the Ōizeki shrine renga gathering set for the 11 th I prepared the opening verse and instructed that [funds be provided for this] from the present tansen tax. But the bantō were uncooperative. So Zenkō, etc. , covered expenses from his own private funds, I was told. This is an unspeakable development. After I issued harsh orders, the East Side bantō, three in number, brought more or less 50 hiki. And today they apparently tried to raise more, I heard.

( 届早物ヲ ニ々出昨文 テ京之夕亀 ハ都儀 、自元 無へ守地年 之 、為護下七 以地沙乞月 代下汰請六 物青之テ日 親木次取 子二第

( 届早物ヲ ニ々出昨文 テ京之夕亀 ハ都儀 、自元 無へ守地年 之 、為護下七 以地沙乞月 代下汰請六 物青之テ日 親木次取 子二第 返者 、 去 か可併由 、 先令可若々 盂注謂崎月 蘭進足之十 盆之軽番七 前由風頭日 ト仰情来於 テ 、付之而佐 所申野 乞之 、作之搦 取処 。云取 之為也 。地 条 、上慮々 之外以下 御〜代人 ) Bunki 1/7/6, In other matters, the villagers who were captured in Sano two months previous on the 17 th were released and sent back last night at the people’s request--such was the word sent by the Wakasaki bantō. A ransom fee was paid, this according to the shugo’s demands. In short, this was behavior appropriate to a common foot soldier! How unseemly, beyond belief! At this point, when I told them to send immediately, as villagers, a report to Kyoto to Aoki, they responded that this not was a matter of concern for me as lord of the estate. They decided to provide the ransom fee because of a request that parents and children could come [together] for the Urabon festival.

( 便捕櫟・文 〜取之海 亀 畢 井 。 生 〜 。 館 二 以 寺

( 便捕櫟・文 〜取之海 亀 畢 井 。 生 〜 。 館 二 以 寺 代ヲ・年 物退シ九 百之ン月 貫時 一 、ケ . 可妻佐日 請女野 之遅等抑 由ク地宗 雖出下兵 懇テ 人衛 、 望 、根不衆 猶来謂等 不衆男猶 承之女以 引 、足生出 云軽取張 、 々 。等了 。吉 見 不 ) Bunki 2/9/1, On another matter, Sōbei’s men are once again out in force, having attacked Yoshimi, Kaishōji, Shinge, and Sano, taking villagers captive, male and female. [As the shugo official] Ichiinoi was withdrawing from his residence, his wife [or wife and daughter, can be either] was slow and as a result was captured by Negoroji foot soldiers. Though he earnestly requested that they be freed for a ransom of 100 kan, they wouldn’t accept it, I was told. Unfortunate, unfortunate.

VII. Warrior perspective ( ヲ令 切活文 了 。計亀 歟 、元 己年 レ六 ト月 仰十

VII. Warrior perspective ( ヲ令 切活文 了 。計亀 歟 、元 己年 レ六 ト月 仰十 テ七 逃日 げ サ此 マ間 Bunki 1/6/17, “‘Recently you people have been living too comfortably, ’ he said as I was trying to escape but was cut down. ” )