Economic Revolution and Sectional Strife Chapter 9 Entrepreneurial

Economic Revolution and Sectional Strife Chapter 9

Entrepreneurial Spirit • Factors of Production: • “If movement and the quick succession of sensations and ideas constitute life, here one lives a hundred fold more than elsewhere; here, all is circulation, motion, and boiling agitation. ” economic system in which the means of production are controlled by private individuals/business “Experiment follows experiment; enterprise follows enterprise, riches and poverty follow. ”

Another Revolution Affects America • Manufacturing moved from homes and small workshops to factories – Power-driven machinery – Specialized workers • Industrial Revolution – Social and economic reorganization • Started in Great Britain • – The major change in the US economy produced by people beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves

Transportation • Canals – 1816 100 miles of canals – 1831 3, 300+ miles of canals • Railroads – Began replacing canals in 1840 s – 1850 about 10, 000 miles – 1860 about 31, 000 miles

IR in USA • Embargo of 1807 & War of 1812 helped IR start in USA • 1793 established first textile mill in America • 1813 - Francis Cabot Lowell, Nathan Appleton, and Patrick Tracy Jackson opened mills

Early Textile Loom http: //www. b bc. co. uk/bite size/ks 3/hist ory/industrial _era/the_ind ustrial_revol ution/revisio n/9/ http: //www. bbc. co. uk/history/bri tish/victorians/la unch_ani_spinn ing_mill. shtml

The Lowell/Waltham System: First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

Lowell in 1850

Lowell Mill

Starting for Lowell

Lowell Girls

Lowell Boarding Houses

Average 11 hour work day (12+ hour day) Lowell Mills Time Table

New England Dominance in Textiles

New England Textile Centers: 1830 s

Two Economic Systems Develop • North – Invested more money into manufacturing – Farms were more subsistence than profitdriven • Climate prevented cash-crops from being profitable – Less demand for slavery • South – Growth of cotton + cotton gin = “King Cotton” • Plantation slave system spread and grew

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts* Rifle

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Erie Canal System

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

Principal Canals in 1840

Inland Freight Rates Be careful reading the Y axis!