Economic Advance Social Unrest 1830 1850 AP EURO
- Slides: 46
Economic Advance & Social Unrest 1830 -1850 AP EURO Chapter 21
Shift From Human and Animal Power to Mechanical Power ® 1. Agricultural Revolution 1700’s led to abundant food supply ® 2. the Enclosure Movement forced many poor rural people to move to cities and work in factories ® http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=d 4 joq Yycnq. M
Population Growth ® Europe’s population increased from ® 120 million in 1700 to ® 190 million in 1800 ® This growth in population created a pool of workers
Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin in England ? ® 1. Innovations in agriculture (mid 1700’s) ® 2. New Technology -Textile industry ® 3. Large population ® 4. Stable Economy ® 5. Coal & Iron Production ® 6. Harbors & Rivers
British Textile Industry ® Introduction of the Factory system led to growth of Textile Industry ® Textiles shipped all over the world ® Great Britain’s economic foundation
British Textile Industry
Manchester, England ® Center of Textile Industry ® Population grew due to: ® Urbanization – movement of people to cities
Manchester, England ® In 1842 a German visitor noted that he had seen so many people in the streets of Manchester without arms and legs that it was like "living in the midst of the army just returned from a campaign. "
Working Conditions in Factories 1750 -1800’s ® Dangerous machinery ® Loss of limbs, life common ® No ventilation, sanitation ® hot / cold ® No such thing as worker’s rights
CHILD LABOR
Western European Countries Followed Industrial Pattern by 1830 People Migrated to cities: ® 1. In England: ½ of population moved to cities ® 2. France: ¼ moved to cities
Impact of Migration… ® Cities not Prepared to receive Large Numbers ® 1. Inadequate housing ® 2. Contaminated water, sewers ® 3. Disease ® 4. Crime ® 5. Degradation at factories
Railways Facilitated Movement ® 1830’s-1840’s Construction of: ® 1. Railroad building ® 2. Canals, ® 3. Roads ® Cheaper, faster Methods of transportation for people and products
Factories & Wage Labor ® End of the domestic system ® Displaced previous skilled laborers ® Factory workers contributed their labor for a wage ® Proletariat – industrial workers who sell their labor to live.
Factory Owners Preferred… ® Hiring young, single women or widows to work in factories ® in some cases Children instead than the wives were sent to work
Changes in Family Structure ® Family ceased to be the basic unit of production and consumption ® Economic & home life no longer the same
Laboring Poor ® Long hours, low wages, unskilled workers ® Women received lower wages ® Factories and mines employed children as young as 6
Irish Potato Famine 18451847 ® Potatoes introduced from South America in 17 th cent. ® Irish peasants depended on potato crop
Irish Potato Famine 18451847 ® 1845 a fungus (blight) Harmed crops ® ½ million Irish peasants died ® Survivors immigrated the United States
Irish Potato Famine 18451847
English Factory Act, 1833 ® Forbade employment of children under 9 ® Limited the workday for children (9 -13) to 9 hours
Mines Act, 1842 ® Women and children under 10 ® Forbidden from working in mines
Ten Hours Act, 1847 ® Limited the workday for women and children ® To 10 hours per day
Chartism ® 1 st large scale European working class movement ® Workers sought political reform ® Petitions with signatures ® London Workingmen’s Association demanded 6 specific reforms
Chartism – charter 6 reforms ® 1. Universal male suffrage ® 2. Annual election of House of Commons ® 3. Equal electoral districts ® 4. Abolition of property qualifications for members of House of Commons ® 5. Secret ballot ® 6. No payment of salary to House of Commons
Response Urban Crime ® Professional Police Force are established ® 1. Paris 1828 ® 2. London 1828 (Bobbies) Visible presence deterred crime
Prison Reform ® Late 18 th Century – Mid 19 th Century: serious offenders sentenced to transportation to Australia!
Prison Reform ® 1840’s France & England led the way ® Goal of prison = to rehabilitate prisoner ® Individual cells, separation form other prisoners led to self- reflection
Classical Economists ® Studied the problems created by industrial communities ® “grim economists”
1. Thomas Malthus ® Essay on Principle of Population (1798) ® Population will always be greater than food supply ® Poverty and misery will always exist
2. David Ricardo ® Principles of Political Economy (1817) ® “Iron Law of Wages” ® If wages are raised, parents have more children. ® More laborers = lower wages, fewer jobs
Early Socialism… ® 1. response to industrial revolution ® 2. disapproves of current economic systems ® 3. Questions private ownership & means of production ® 4. fairer distribution of income among working class
Utopian Socialism 1. Saint-Simon - France -planned society public owns capital & industrial equipment -no need for nobility or clergy class -laborers = productive citizens
Utopian Socialists ® 2. Charles Fourier – France ® Imagined utopian communities “phalanxes” ® Made up of 1, 620 individuals ® Never materialized
Utopian Socialists ® 3. Flora Tristan ® Fought for equality for women in marriage & workplace
Utopian Socialists ® 4. Etienne Cabet – French ® Wrote novel describing ideal city w/ economic harmony & education ® 5. Louis Blanc- “national workshops” state supported manufacturing centers for unemployed
G. W. F. Hegel’s Theories ® 1. Reality a process of endless change ® 2. History results from a series of change or ® 3. “Dialectic” reaction of opposites
G. W. F. Hegel’s Theories ®A given state of affairs is called “thesis” ® It produces the concept of an opposite state, “anti-thesis” ® Any reconciliation of the two “synthesis” ® As ideas clash, new ideas emerge
Marxian Socialism Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels ® Both Write : Communist Manifesto , 1848 ® Marx Wrote: Das Kapital , 1867 ® Engels Writes: The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1844 ® Influenced by Hegel ®
Marxian Socialism ® 1. History advances through conflict ® 2. Economics major force of change ® 3. Class that controls production becomes ruling class ® 4. Conflict between classes is inevitable ® Class struggle moves history forward.
Marx’s 4 Stages of Economic Life ® 1. Primitive ® 2. Slave ® 3. Feudal ® 4. Capitalist
Therefore… ® Socialism – means of production, such as capital, land, raw materials, factories or land should be owned and controlled by society ® Communism – In theories of Marx & Engels, a society without class distinctions or private property
The Age of “-isms” ® 1815 -1830 ® The age of ideologies, or “-isms” ® “-isms” influence how people viewed events and motivated them to action
Revolutions 1848
Revolutions All Over Europe 1848 ® Causes: ® 1. Liberals feel frustration at lack of political change ® 2. Ethnic minorities left out ® 3. Lives of working class
Revolutions of 1848 ® General Desires: ® 1. Constitutions ® 2. Independence & unification of nationalist groups ® 3. End of serfdom in Eastern Europe
- Giuseppe mazzini
- Quatering act date
- Colonial unrest-o-meter
- Colonial unrest-o-meter
- Proclamation of 1763
- Civil unrest tabletop exercise
- Liberty leading the people, 1830
- Ensayos constitucionales de chile entre 1823 y 1830
- Map of us in 1830
- Two complaints of tejanos in 1830
- Was andrew jackson a president
- Manifest destiny map activity
- Map of america 1830
- Congressional act of 1830
- Liberty leading the people, 1830
- Constitucion de ecuador 1830
- The romantic period 1785 to 1832
- Emily dickinson (1830-1886)
- I moti del 1830
- Where did revolution spread in 1830
- Calendario litúrgico
- I moti del 1830-31
- Liberty leading the people 1830
- Indian removal act of 1830
- Candy crush 1830
- Indian removal act of 1830
- Språkdebatten 1830
- Economic growth vs economic development
- Prof. meier and baldwin
- Economic systems lesson 2 our economic choices
- Where was prussia in 1850
- The necklace by guy de maupassant (1850 to 1893)
- The necklace mathilde
- Climax in the necklace
- Charles palabino
- Lei de terras 1850
- Neoclassical (1750–1850)
- Dos depositos contienen 2587 y 1850
- Japon mapamundi
- Explain the compromise of 1850
- Scoperte scientifiche dal 1850 al 1900
- Who created the compromise of 1850? *
- A 1850 kg luxury sedan stopped
- Realism 1850
- Realism 1850 to 1900
- Tradisjon og realisme på 1900-tallet
- Entre 1850 e 1900 surge nas artes europeias