Ecology Vocabulary Root word meaning Vocab Word Definition

Ecology Vocabulary Root word & meaning Vocab Word Definition (will be filled in later)

Vocab 1. Ecology 2. Producer 3. Consumer 4. Decomposer 5. Autotroph 6. Heterotroph 7. Trophic Level 8. Food Web 9. Ecosystem 10. Succession 11. Climate 12. Biodiversity 13. Biome 14. Population 15. Community 16. Niche 17. Symbiosis 18. Biotic Factor 19. Abiotic Factor 20. Immigration 21. Emigration 22. Density 23. Carrying Capacity

Let’s Practice! Part A Match the term with the correct description. 1. This organism makes it’s own food ____ a. Ecosystem 2. Process by which one community b. Biodiversity replaces another_____ c. Heterotroph 3. Biological community and all the non- d. Autotroph living factors that affect it _____ e. Succession 4. Organisms that break down dead f. Trophic Level organisms and recycle nutrients _____ g. Decomposer 5. A number of different species living h. Food Web in a specific area _____ i. Climate 6. Each step in a food chain or food web ____ j. Ecology 7. Average weather conditions in a specific area.

The Answers are…… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. D – Autotroph E – Succession A – Ecosystem G – Decomposer B – Biodiversity F – Trophic Level I – Climate

Let’s Practice! Part B Match the term with the correct description. 1. A model that shows interconnections a. Population of food chains ______. b. Density 1. Organisms that cannot make their own c. Abiotic Factor food gets energy from other organism___ d. Food Web 3. Large group of ecosystems that share e. Succession the same climate and similar communities f. Niche 4. Any nonliving factor in an organisms g. Heterotroph environment ______ h. Community 5. Group of same species in a given area at i. Autotroph a given time _____ j. Biome 6. Role or position of an organism in its environment _____ 7. The number of organisms in a given area at a given time ____

The Answers are…… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. D –Food Web G –Heterotroph J –Biome C – Abiotic Factor A – Population F – Niche B – Density

1. Ecology- the study of living and non-living parts of the environment, how they interact, and how they affect one another

7. Trophic Level- where an organism is located within a food chain

10. Succession- process by which one community replaces another community because of changing biotic and/or abiotic factors

17. Symbiosis- close association between two or more species that live together (3 different types)

22. Density- Population Density – number of organisms living in a specific area Ex: 20 squirrels/ block

23. Carrying Capacity- largest number of individuals in a species that an environment can support long-term

Ticket To Leave 1. Ecology is the study of interactions between _____. a. The animal groups in an area. b. Living and nonliving things in an area. c. The nonliving things in an area. d. The plants and animals in an area. 2. The phrase carrying capacity refers to ______. a. Storing extra food in the winter b. The number of organisms a habitat can support c. Transporting food to organisms in an area d. The maximum possible weight of an individual organism

Crack Your Cranium 1. The number of different species in a given area is a measure of _____. a. Population b. Biodiversity c. Niche d. autotrophs 2. An example of a biotic factor is _____. a. Food supply b. Light c. Rainfall d. Temperature

Crack Your Cranium 3. Which of the following organisms would be considered an autotroph? a. Bacteria b. Grass c. Rabbit d. Soil Nutrients

Thursday – Start here

Ecology The study of relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their environment http: //www. brainpop. com/science/ecologyandbehavior/ecosystems/

http: //www. cleanvideosearch. com/media/actio n/yt/watch? v=e. It 2 O 9 e. Qdkg

Equilibrium • Equilibrium- all things are equal/balanced • Homeostasis- an environment that is relatively stable and consistent Ecosystems want to be in homeostasis • After a minor disturbance they will usually return to homeostasis – Ex: • Major disturbances sometimes cause too much harm for that too happen – Ex:

Food Chains and Food Webs • Trophic Level – each step in a food chain or food web. • Food Chain – simple model that shows how energy flows through an ecosystem. http: //www. brainpop. com/science/ecologyandbehavior/foodchains/

Food Webs • Food Web – model representing the many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy flows through a group of organisms. – Larger food webs are more stable – If one species or population gets removed there is a great chance of there being another species to fill the niche

Trophic Levels

Roles of Organisms Producers – take energy from sunlight or chemical source and convert into food source. Autotrophs – make their own food. Consumers/Heterotrophs – need to eat other organisms as an energy source. • Herbivore – eats plants. • Carnivore- eats flesh/meat. • Omnivore- eats all things. . plants and animals. • Detrivore- eats organisms that are dead. • Decomposer- breaks down dead/decaying organisms into simple compounds/elements for recycling. (CHNOPS)

Food Chain

Food Web

Food Web – Coniferous Forest

Practice 1. __get energy by eating other organisms 2. __eat both plants and animals 3. __eat only animals 4. __collect energy to produce 5. __eat only plants 6. __eat or break down dead things A. Autotrophs B. Carnivores C. Detrivores D. Herbivores E. Heterotrophs F. Omnivores

Practice Grasshopper Raccoon Coyote ____ Word Bank: Carnivore herbivore omnivore producer

Word Bank: Primary consumer producer secondary consumer

Use the food web to answer the following questions. 1. Identify an Autotroph 2. Identify an Herbivore 3. Identify an Omnivore 4. Identify an Carnivore 5. Draw a “food chain”

1. Identify the “top Carnivore” 2. Name a producer 3. Name a omnivore 4. What would happen if the “Bird” population would die off? 5. What role do decomposers play? Give an example

Thursday - END

Friday- Start

Biotic vs Abiotic

Objective: I will be able to describe how energy flows through a food chain and matter gets cycled. EQ: What is the difference between energy flowing and matter cycling through an ecosystem?

Energy Flows • Flows through the food chain • Ultimate source of energy is the SUN • Every food chain must start with a producer who can convert the Sun’s energy into chemical energy • With every link in the food chain only 10% of the energy gets passed on • Energy also gets lost (converted) as heat (it gets used up)

• The producers always have the largest population • The very top consumer has a limited/smaller population • Since only 10% of the energy gets past on, top consumers must eat a lot more food to get their energy, so they have to have smaller populations

Ecological Pyramids http: //www. brainpop. com/science/energypyramid/

Ecological Pyramids

Matter Cycles • Matter = atoms and molecules • Cannot be created or destroyed • Cycles through a food chain then gets decomposed back into the ground (and used by plants to restart the cycle) • Ex: water cycle, carbon cycle

Ticket To Leave 5. Which of the following organisms would be considered an autotroph? a. Bacteria b. Grass c. Rabbit d. Soil Nutrients

Friday - End

Friday 2/28 Start

http: //www. cleanvideosearch. com/media/actio n/yt/watch? v=z. Sm. L 2 F 1 t 81 Q (all 3, 5 min)

Population Dynamics Predation- a predator hunts/kills its prey for food/energy Predator – the one hunting/benefiting Prey- the one that dies Competition-two or more organisms have similar niches which cause them to compete for resources (food, shelter) and lower their fitness Both are harmed

Symbiotic Relationships-close relationships between two or more species that live together. • Mutualism – two or more organisms rely on each other to live • Both Benefit • Commensalism – one organism relies on another to live • One benefits, One is unaffected • Parasitism - a parasite uses a host for energy, shelter, and nutrition • One benefits, one is harmed

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=FOXv. LZHe 9 DM (5 worst parasites, 2. 2 min)

Can You ID the Type of Relationship?

The Answer Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism

Can You ID the Type of Relationship?

http: //www. cleanvideosearch. com/media/actio n/yt/watch? v=dv. Aj. KDyatr 0 (sharks, 2 min) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=M 0 l. Kh. KZD v 4 w (humans, dolphins 3. 5 min)

• The Guinea worm http: //www. cleanvideosearch. com/media/action/yt/watch ? annotation_id=annotation_2269764611&feature=iv&src_ vid=FOXv. LZHe 9 DM&v=y. Ehuj. Lgu 7 w. M 130 • • Human bot fly https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=w. Do. B 7 u. Y 7 TFc 450 • • Loa https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Wt. UGe. Oc. PDQ 0 35 sec •

Practice

Monday 3/3

Objective – I will be able to describe factors that effect population growth/size. EQ – What factors effect population growth? Title – Population Dynamics

Levels of Organization

Biosphere – “Ball of Life” • Thin layer around Earth that supports life. • Made up of atmosphere, land water • Diversity of the environment and organisms controlled by two groups of “factors” - living (biotic) - nonliving (abiotic)

Biome • All the ecosystems that have similar climates and plant life

Answers to Level of Organization 1. Individual 2. Population 3. Community 4. Ecosystem 5. Biome 6. Biosphere

Population Characteristics • Population Density – number of individual organisms in a given area at a given time. • Spatial Distribution – the pattern of spacing of a population with in an area.

Population Size What characteristics effect the growth rate? Natality – Birth Rate Mortality – Death Rate Emigration – individuals moving away Immigration – individuals moving in

Carrying Capacity • Maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support for the long term. • Limited by resources (energy, water, oxygen, and nutrients. )

Population Growth Rates

Population Limiting Factors • Abiotic or Biotic factors that keep a population from continuing to increase indefinitely. • Density-Independent Factors – any factor in the environment that does not depend on the numbers of individuals in a population per unit area. • Density Dependent Factors – any factor in the environment that depends on the numbers of individuals in a population per unit area.

Population Graph Activity

Station 1

1. Define/Describe carrying capacity. 2. Which of the two curves exhibits exponential growth? 3. Which of the two curves exhibits a carrying capacity? 4. What is the carrying capacity of this graph? 5. In what generation does this population reach its carrying capacity?

Station 2

1. For what type of organism is the carrying capacity shown? 2. Give one possible reason why the population decreased in 1990 after it had reached its carrying capacity. 3. Give one hypothesis to explain why the population exceeded its carrying capacity in 1992. 4. Why did the population decrease in 1994 after it exceeded the carrying capacity?

Station 3

1. Who has a better chance of surviving infancy - Indian or American women? 2. What density-dependent factors give them a better chance of surviving? (Think about life in these 2 countries) 3. At what age are most oysters dead? 4. At what age are most fish dead? 5. Look at Curve A. Notice that it levels off between the ages of 20 -40. What does this mean? 6. Which has a longer life expectancy - fish or oysters?

Station 4

1. Which of the 2 types of bacteria will soon die? Why? 2. Describe the ecological relationship “competition. ” 3. Which of the 2 bacteria strains is better adapted for competition? 4. How is the growth rate for P. caudatum different when it is grown alone? 5. What happens to the growth rate of P. aurelia around day 12?

Station 5

1. What is the greatest moose population? What year did that occur? What was the wolf population when the moose population was greatest? 2. What would happen to the wolf population if the moose population decreases? 3. What would happen to the moose population if the wolves were removed from Isle Royale? 4. Describe the pattern between the wolf (predator) population in relation to the moose (prey) population.

Station 6

5. Identify a factor, other than moose population, that has influenced the wolf population in Isle Royale. 6. Identify two factors, other than the wolf population, that may influence the moose population. 7. Isle Royale has been undeclared as a national park and has been purchased by a large resort. Describe one positive and one negative impact on the Isle Royale ecosystem. 8. Are predator-prey relationships density-dependent or density-independent limiting factors? Explain.

Ecological Succession Video Here are some videos that can be used for succession. The first one is of Mt. St. Helen erupting. 6 min https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-H_HZVY 1 t. T 4 A good video explaining and comparing succession. But its with pictures https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=V 49 Iov. RSJDs 6 min A short video of a slide showing succession 230 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yxutt. SOtq. NE A short video on mt st helen with a before and after the blast 230 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 Rs. My. Vav. T 2 Q a video on secondary succession. The forest fire at yellow stone park. 4 min https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=j. J 0 zqo 1 opv 8

Ecological Succession The change in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors. • Two Types of Succession

a. Primary Succession – the establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil – New habitat in that area, for the first time

b. Secondary Succession– the orderly and predictable change that takes place after a community of organisms have been removed but the soil has remained intact. – Faster – Reduces population – Started by an event (flood, fire)

Pioneer Community- first group of plants and animals to start living in the area Climax Community- final and most stable group of plants and animals to live in the area

Ecological Succession

Primary vs. Secondary

How does Climate change effect ecosystems? • Ex: Rising average temperatures organisms are immigrating to new ecosystem where the temperature is what they are used to

How do Seasonal changes effect ecosystems? • • Changes in diet Hibernation Estivation – hibernation in the desert Changes to fur or color • These will cause new dynamics in the homeostasis of the ecosystem

Practice Order from first to last.

Match the pictures to the description. 1. Climax Community ___ 4. Few primary consumers ___ 2. Weeds begin to appear ___ 5. Most animals present ___ 3. Soil good for larger plants ___ 6. Rabbits, mice, & fox might be here ___

Stop Monday

Here are some videos Where does water come from https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=hw. VU 0 -2 Qnso 3: 45 Zones of the oceans 5: 00 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Lt 7 b 8_k. Bj. YM Ocean layers 348 nice video with video of creatures in the different zones https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=BY 8 h 3 Shv 0_s water circulation 200 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=XCh 04 Mi 6 g. No http: //www. cleanvideosearch. com/media/action/yt/watch? v=k. L-9 TB 4 q. Aho

• Guided reading packet

Freshwater Ecosystem

Distinct Zones of Life in a Fairly Deep Temperate Zone Lake

Water Stands in Some Freshwater Systems and Flows in Others (2) • Formation of lakes • Four zones based on depth and distance from shore – Littoral zone – Limnetic zone – Profundal zone – Benthic zone

Bingo Write the following words on your Bingo chart. Go in order of the list, but place them in random boxes. 1. Primary Succession 11. Transitional Aquatic 2. Secondary Succession Ecosystem 12. Wetland 3. Climax Community 4. Pioneer Community 13. Estuary 14. Intertidal Zone 5. Salinity 15. Photic Zone 6. Oligotrophic 16. Aphotic Zone 7. Eutrophic 17. Pelagic Zone 8. Littoral Zone 18. Benthic Zone 9. Limnetic Zone 19. Abyssal Zone 10. Profundal Zone 20. Lichen

Tuesday 3/25 http: //www. cleanvideosearch. com/media/actio n/yt/watch? v=i. Fe. RFmq. FCh. Q Bill Nye Biodiversity

Biodiversity • The variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species in that area. • Increases the stability of an ecosystem and contributes to the health of the biosphere. • Includes: Genetic Diversity – variety of genes/inheritable characteristics in a population. Species Diversity – number of different species and the abundance of each species in a biological community. Ecosystem Diversity – variety of ecosystems in the biosphere.

• Species Richness – number of different species in an ecosystem • Species Evenness – compares the number of organisms of each species in an area

Practice

Threats to Biodiversity

What is the Importance of Biodiversity?

Direct Economic Values

Indirect Economic Values

Aesthetic and Scientific Values

Impact of Human Activities

Conserving Natural Resources

Types of Natural Resources

Consumption of Energy Sources

World Consumption of Energy Sources

An Inconvenient Truth • http: //putlocker. bz/watch-an-inconvenienttruth-online-free-putlocker. html • Please watch the video clips from the movie and answer the questions on your video activity sheet.