Ecology the Biosphere Chapter 52 Ecology Study of
Ecology & the Biosphere Chapter 52
Ecology ©Study of how organisms relate to one another & their environment
Fig. 52 -5 Kangaroos/km 2 0– 0. 1– 1 1– 5 5– 10 10– 20 > 20 Limits of distribution
Fig. 52 -9
Ecology © Organism (behavioral ecology) © Population (several individuals of same species) © Community (different species that live in a particular area) © Ecosystem (abiotic factors & all the species that live in that area) © Biosphere (all the living communities on earth-global ecosystem)
Environment ©Abiotic factors (nonliving): ©Temperature ©Water ©Sunlight ©Soil /rocks ©Climate
Environment © Climate © Bodies of water © Variation of sunlight © Seasons © Precipitation © Wind © Mountains © Long term climate change
Biomes ©Major terrestrial or aquatic life zones ©Defined by regional variation of climate
Aquatic Biomes ©Largest part of the biosphere ©Photic zone (sunlight) ©Aphotic zone (little light) ©Benthic zone (bottom) ©Detritus (decaying matter) ©Turnover (circulates oxygen)
Aquatic Biomes © Lakes © Wetlands © Streams and rivers © Estuaries © Intertidal zones © Oceanic pelagic zone © Coral reefs © Marine benthic zone
Lakes
Wetlands ©+/- water
Streams and rivers
Estuaries ©Transition between river and sea
Intertidal zones ©Tides 2 x a day
Oceanic pelagic zone ©Open bodies of ocean
Coral reefs
Marine benthic zone ©Bottom of ocean ©Minimal sun
Terrestrial Biomes © Tropical rain forest © Savanna © Desert © Chaparral © Temperate grasslands © Temperate deciduous forest © Temperate evergreen forest © Tundra
Tropical rain forests ©Large amounts of rain per year ©Richest ecosystem ©Contains ½ of the world’s species ©SA, Africa, & southeast Asia
Savanna ©Open, few trees ©Seasonal rains (75 -125 cm/yr) ©Africa ©Lions, elephants
Desert ©Interior of continents ©Dry, less than 25 cm/yr rainfall
Chaparral ©Coastal regions ©Wet winters
Temperate grasslands ©Prairies, grasslands ©Herds of grazing mammals ©Not as abundant
Temperate Deciduous forest ©Deciduous: hardwoods ©Warm summers, cool winters ©NE US, Canada,
Temperate evergreen forest ©Cold winters ©Long dry seasons ©Western US
Tundra ©Grassland few trees ©Little rain/snow ©Deer, elk, moose ©Permafrost
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