Ecology Living Environment Ecology Ecology The study of
![Ecology Living Environment Ecology Living Environment](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-1.jpg)
![Ecology • Ecology- The study of the relationships between different species in a given Ecology • Ecology- The study of the relationships between different species in a given](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-2.jpg)
![Level of Organization • Species- a group of organisms which can interbreed and produce Level of Organization • Species- a group of organisms which can interbreed and produce](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-3.jpg)
![Individual Population Ecosystem Community Individual Population Ecosystem Community](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-4.jpg)
![Scientific Methods • We can’t do experiments on whole, natural ecosystems • Instead we Scientific Methods • We can’t do experiments on whole, natural ecosystems • Instead we](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-5.jpg)
![Energy and Matter Flow • Both Energy and Matter flow through an ecosystem • Energy and Matter Flow • Both Energy and Matter flow through an ecosystem •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-6.jpg)
![Energy • All energy from an ecosystem comes from the sun, originally • Plants Energy • All energy from an ecosystem comes from the sun, originally • Plants](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-7.jpg)
![Energy Levels • Producers-Autotrophs (plants) who make their food from the sunlight • Consumers-Organisms Energy Levels • Producers-Autotrophs (plants) who make their food from the sunlight • Consumers-Organisms](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-8.jpg)
![Energy Pyramid • Less energy is transferred to the next trophic level. • This Energy Pyramid • Less energy is transferred to the next trophic level. • This](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-9.jpg)
![Food Chain/Web • Food chains and webs show the food (and therefore energy) relationship Food Chain/Web • Food chains and webs show the food (and therefore energy) relationship](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-10.jpg)
![Cycles of Matter • Water cycle- Water, through evaporation and condensation, cycles through ecosystems Cycles of Matter • Water cycle- Water, through evaporation and condensation, cycles through ecosystems](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-11.jpg)
![Limiting Nutrients • Some nutrients are in short supply in an ecosystem • These Limiting Nutrients • Some nutrients are in short supply in an ecosystem • These](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-12.jpg)
![Ecological Relationships • Predation- One organism eats another, usually smaller, organism • Symbiosis- Two Ecological Relationships • Predation- One organism eats another, usually smaller, organism • Symbiosis- Two](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-13.jpg)
![Ecological Succession • Ecological succession is the process by which an ecosystem recovers from Ecological Succession • Ecological succession is the process by which an ecosystem recovers from](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-14.jpg)
![Primary Succession Primary Succession](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-15.jpg)
![Secondary Succession Secondary Succession](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-16.jpg)
![Human Activities • Human activities can change ecosystems • Biggest human activity that causes Human Activities • Human activities can change ecosystems • Biggest human activity that causes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-17.jpg)
![Global Climate Change • This is caused (and is being caused) by an increase Global Climate Change • This is caused (and is being caused) by an increase](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-18.jpg)
- Slides: 18
![Ecology Living Environment Ecology Living Environment](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-1.jpg)
Ecology Living Environment
![Ecology Ecology The study of the relationships between different species in a given Ecology • Ecology- The study of the relationships between different species in a given](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-2.jpg)
Ecology • Ecology- The study of the relationships between different species in a given area. • Biosphere- Sphere of the Earth in which all living things exist. Is found from the atmosphere all the way into the lithosphere.
![Level of Organization Species a group of organisms which can interbreed and produce Level of Organization • Species- a group of organisms which can interbreed and produce](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-3.jpg)
Level of Organization • Species- a group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring • Population- Groups of individuals of a certain species living in a certain area • Community- Different populations that live in the same area. • Ecosystem- Collection of both the community and the abiotic factors in a certain area • Biome- Group of ecosystems that have the same climatic conditions
![Individual Population Ecosystem Community Individual Population Ecosystem Community](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-4.jpg)
Individual Population Ecosystem Community
![Scientific Methods We cant do experiments on whole natural ecosystems Instead we Scientific Methods • We can’t do experiments on whole, natural ecosystems • Instead we](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-5.jpg)
Scientific Methods • We can’t do experiments on whole, natural ecosystems • Instead we use several tools to explore ecosystems: – Observations- We watch and take detailed notes about an ecosystem – Experimenting-Taking an artificial environment and using the scientific method on it. – Modeling- Using computers to show what has happened and what will happen in an ecosystem.
![Energy and Matter Flow Both Energy and Matter flow through an ecosystem Energy and Matter Flow • Both Energy and Matter flow through an ecosystem •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-6.jpg)
Energy and Matter Flow • Both Energy and Matter flow through an ecosystem • Energy flows into and out of the ecosystem • Matter is usually recycled
![Energy All energy from an ecosystem comes from the sun originally Plants Energy • All energy from an ecosystem comes from the sun, originally • Plants](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-7.jpg)
Energy • All energy from an ecosystem comes from the sun, originally • Plants convert sunlight into chemical energy • Other organisms eat plants and each other for that stored sunlight energy
![Energy Levels ProducersAutotrophs plants who make their food from the sunlight ConsumersOrganisms Energy Levels • Producers-Autotrophs (plants) who make their food from the sunlight • Consumers-Organisms](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-8.jpg)
Energy Levels • Producers-Autotrophs (plants) who make their food from the sunlight • Consumers-Organisms that eat other organisms for their energy – Primary consumers eat only plants – Secondary consumers eat primary consumers (some also eat plants) – Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers
![Energy Pyramid Less energy is transferred to the next trophic level This Energy Pyramid • Less energy is transferred to the next trophic level. • This](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-9.jpg)
Energy Pyramid • Less energy is transferred to the next trophic level. • This is due to some energy lost due to metabolic activities • Only about 10% of energy is available (in the form of body structure) to the next trophic level
![Food ChainWeb Food chains and webs show the food and therefore energy relationship Food Chain/Web • Food chains and webs show the food (and therefore energy) relationship](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-10.jpg)
Food Chain/Web • Food chains and webs show the food (and therefore energy) relationship between species in an ecosystem.
![Cycles of Matter Water cycle Water through evaporation and condensation cycles through ecosystems Cycles of Matter • Water cycle- Water, through evaporation and condensation, cycles through ecosystems](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-11.jpg)
Cycles of Matter • Water cycle- Water, through evaporation and condensation, cycles through ecosystems • Carbon Cycle- Carbon travels through ecosystems by photosynthesis and respiration • Nitrogen Cycle- Nitrogen travels through ecosystems by chemical processes – Nitrogen fixation- Bacteria and fungi take nitrogen from the atmosphere and change it to a form useful to plants – Denitrification- Other bacterial convert the soil nitrogen back into a gas
![Limiting Nutrients Some nutrients are in short supply in an ecosystem These Limiting Nutrients • Some nutrients are in short supply in an ecosystem • These](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-12.jpg)
Limiting Nutrients • Some nutrients are in short supply in an ecosystem • These nutrients are called limiting nutrients – E. g. water in a desert ecosystem
![Ecological Relationships Predation One organism eats another usually smaller organism Symbiosis Two Ecological Relationships • Predation- One organism eats another, usually smaller, organism • Symbiosis- Two](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-13.jpg)
Ecological Relationships • Predation- One organism eats another, usually smaller, organism • Symbiosis- Two organisms live very closely together • Mutualism-Type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit • Commensalism- Type of symbiosis where one member benefits, the other is unaffected • Parasitism- Type of symbiosis where one member benefits at the expense of the other
![Ecological Succession Ecological succession is the process by which an ecosystem recovers from Ecological Succession • Ecological succession is the process by which an ecosystem recovers from](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-14.jpg)
Ecological Succession • Ecological succession is the process by which an ecosystem recovers from some abiotic disaster • There are stages, and at each stage there are distinct species • Two types of succession: – Primary succession- the ecosystem suffered a total loss, and species from the outside are recolonizing – Secondary succession- the ecosystem was disturbed, but not totally wiped out, so its own members can recover the disturbed space.
![Primary Succession Primary Succession](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-15.jpg)
Primary Succession
![Secondary Succession Secondary Succession](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-16.jpg)
Secondary Succession
![Human Activities Human activities can change ecosystems Biggest human activity that causes Human Activities • Human activities can change ecosystems • Biggest human activity that causes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-17.jpg)
Human Activities • Human activities can change ecosystems • Biggest human activity that causes problems is habitat loss. – Habitat loss is where humans destroy the places where animals and plants exist, usually to build places for humans.
![Global Climate Change This is caused and is being caused by an increase Global Climate Change • This is caused (and is being caused) by an increase](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/55929c1a6a03fce5e07bc907cd7f4df3/image-18.jpg)
Global Climate Change • This is caused (and is being caused) by an increase in CO 2 emissions • Humans are releasing a tremendous amount of CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere every day. Close to 26 billion tons per year • This is causing global average temperatures to rise-which is causing the climate of most ecosystems to change. • Will the change happen too fast for many species to adapt? Many scientists say yes.
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