Ecology is the study of relationship between living

Ecology is the study of relationship between living organism &their environment. Ecology is the science the attempt the answer Question about how the nature works. Ecology is coined by german biologist ernst haeckel combing two greek words oikos means House or dwelling place&logus means study of relationship bet organism their environment.

Ecology

Basic level of ecological organisation Indivdual : a singal plant insect or birds. Population: collection of individual of same species with in area or region. Community: diff. population of interacting plants , animal & micro-organism with in some defined geographical area.

Basic level ecosystem: consist of diff. communities of organism associated within a pysically defined space. Biome: a large region of earth a certain climate &certain types of living thing. biome include tundra, forests, grassland &dessert.

Basic level of organisation

Level of organisation � Biosphere: The region of the surface & atmosphere of the earth or another planet occupied by living organism.

Biological interaction � Biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organism together in a community. � They can be either of same species intraspecific interaction. � Different species interspecific interaction.

BIOLOGICAL INTERACTION

Positive and negative interactions Predation Interspecific competition Competition is an interaction between individuals of the same or of different species membership, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of the other. Herbivory is a form of parasitism

Symbiosis is any type of relationship where two individuals live together Amensalism is a relationship between individuals where some individuals are inhibited and others are unaffected. Parasitism is any relationship between two individuals in which one member benefits while the other is harmed but not killed or not allowed to reproduce. Parasitoidism is a relationship between two individuals in which one member benefits while the other is not allowed to reproduce or to develop further Commensalism is a relationship between two individuals where one benefits and the other is not significantly affected. Mutualism is any relationship between two individuals of different species where both

Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits. Mutualism is the oposite to interspecific competition. Pollination Mutualism is often linked to coevolutionary processes Client– service relationships In plant succession early arriving plants pave the way for later arrviing by modifying soil condition. Facilitation is a special form of commensalism and describes a temporal relationship between two or more species where one species benefits from the prior (and recent) presence of others.

Intraspecific competition Canis lupus Mytilus edulis Scramble (exploitation, diffuse) is a type of competition in which limited resources within an habitat result in decreased survival rates for all competitors. Contest (interference) competition is a form of competition where there is a winner and a loser Mate competition