Ecology Biotic vs Abiotic Relationship Organisms and Environment

Ecology • Biotic vs. Abiotic • Relationship – Organisms and Environment – Organisms and other organisms • All Regions of Biosphere Intertwined

• Population: all members of a species that live in one place at one time • Community: all the interacting organisms living in an area • Habitat: the place where an organism usually lives • Niche: an organisms physical use of its habitiat and function within an ecological community

Symbiotic Relationships Organism #1 O r g a n i s m Benefits Harmed Not Affected Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism # 2 Bacteria and Soybeans, Ruminants Barnacles on Whales?

Pinwoms Adult Pinworm • Scotch Tape Test for Eggs • Bright Light Test for Adults

Competition • Resources are limited • Overlap of habitat and / or niche

Results of Competition 1. Decrease in population 2. Emmigration / immigration 3. Increased specialization 4. Develop new niche

Feeding Relationships • Producers: • Consumers: Herbivore: Carnivore: Omnivore: Decomposer:

Energy and Ecosystems Three Requirements 1. Constant source of Energy 2. Conversion of Energy to Usable forms 3. Recycling of Nutrients

Label each organism as either an Producer, Herbivore, carnivore, onmivore. Draw a food chain that includes the Sperm Whale. Generally will not include more than 6 levels until energy is gone

"All flesh is grass. " - Isaiah Draw the pyramid and place the food chain that included the whale from the previous slide on each level. Three hundred trout are needed to support one man for a year. The trout, in turn, must consume 90, 000 frogs, that must consume 27 million grasshoppers that live off of 1, 000 tons of grass. -- G. Tyler Miller, Jr. , American Chemist (1971)