Ecology Biology Helena Cheng New Seats BOOK SHELF

Ecology Biology – Helena Cheng

New Seats BOOK SHELF FRIDGE TEACHER DESK FRONT OF ROOM DOOR

Announcements 1. Due dates & Projects 2. Expectations 3. Habits of Mind

Warm Up 1. 2. Take out your homework In notebook, quietly: What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

Ecology Study of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environments. Web of interdependence

Levels of Organization Species: A group of similar organisms that can breed & produce fertile offspring.

Biodiversity The assortment, or variety, of living things in an ecosystem Which biome has the greatest biodiversity?

Producers & Consumers Primary producers, also called… Autotrophs (convert sunlight energy into useable energy – Called Photosynthesis) First producers of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms Consumers, also called… Heterotrophs (consume other organisms for energy)

Consumers Also known as heterotrophs Rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients 1. Carnivores 2. Herbivores 3. Omnivores 4. Scavengers 5. Detritivores 6. Decomposers

Types of Consumers v Herbivore: Eat only plants v Deer, caterpillars, cows v Omnivore: Eat plants and animals v Humans, raccoons, bears, crows v Carnivore: Eat only animals v Hawks, snakes, lions v Detritivore: Feed on plant/animal remains and other dead matter v Earthworms, crabs, snails v Decomposer: Break down organic matter v Bacteria, fungi

Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore

Scavenger Detritivore Decomposers

What kind of consumer? Bacteria Decomposer Sea star Detritivore Raccoon Omnivore Venus fly trap Carnivore Slug Detritivore

Can an organism be BOTH a producer & a consumer?

Energy flow How does energy flow through ecosystems? Energy flows through an ecosystem in a oneway stream, from primary producers to various consumers.

FOOD CHAINS & FOOD WEBS v. FOOD CHAIN: The pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to the next; showing the flow of energy v. FOOD WEB: The pattern of feeding represented by interconnected and branching food chains

A food chain is a model that shows a sequence of feeding relationships. v. The flow of energy in an ecosystem v. Where is the initial energy from? GRAMA GRASS DESERT COTTONTAIL HARRIS’S HAWK

Trophic levels are the feeding levels in a food chain. – Quaternary Consumers (carnivore) eat tertiary consumers (aka: 4 th level consumer) – Tertiary Consumers (carnivores) eat secondary consumers. (aka: 3 rd level consumer) – Secondary Consumers (omnivores or carnivores) that eat herbivores (aka: 2 nd level consumer) – Primary Consumers (herbivores) eat producers (aka: 1 st level consumer) – Producers are organism that absorb sunlight energy to make their own food (photosynthesis) producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Quarternary Consumer

FOOD WEBS • Shows how food chains interact with each other v Can an organism have multiple feeding relationships?

How does the killer whale “indirectly” rely on krill for survival?

Pyramids of Energy Pyramids of energy show the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level of a food chain/food web. 10% of energy available in one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level. 90% lost as heat

What’s Due 4. 2 Reading & Assessment Questions Final Lab Report already due Presentation make-ups this week