Ecological Succession Notes 3 1 State Standard SB

Ecological Succession Notes (3. 1) State Standard SB 4 C. Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.

Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3. 1 Community Ecology Limiting Factors § Any biotic factor or abiotic factor that restricts the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms is called a limiting factor. § Includes sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, and space, and other living things

Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3. 1 Community Ecology Range of Tolerance § An upper limit and lower limit that define the conditions in which an organism can survive § The ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors or biotic factors is called tolerance.

Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3. 1 Community Ecology ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION § The change in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors is ecological succession § There are two types of ecological succession— primary succession and secondary succession.

Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3. 1 Community Ecology ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION - Primary § The establishment of a community in an area of bare rock that does not have any soil is primary succession.

Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3. 1 Community Ecology ECOLOGIAL SUCCESSION - Secondary § The orderly and predictable change that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil has remained intact is secondary succession.

Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3. 1 Community Ecology ECOLOGIAL SUCCESSION - Ponds § A pond is a relatively shallow hole where water collects & light penetrates to the bottom. § If left unattended, a pond will fill in with dirt & debris until it becomes land. § Pond succession can take hundreds of years

Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems ECOLOGIAL SUCCESSION - Ponds § As in all types of succession, pond succession happens in predictable steps: • Bare Bottom (algae/microorganisms) • Submerged Vegetation • Emerging Vegetation • Temporary Pond/Marsh • Terrestrial Ecosystem

Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems ECOLOGIAL SUCCESSION - Ponds