Ecological Levels of Organization Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community

Ecological Levels of Organization

Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism

Food Chain vs. Food Web Food chain Food web (just 1 path of energy) (all possible energy paths)

Lions and Warthogs Watch the video: In your notes, draw a food chain to represent the transfer of energy observed. (2 minutes)

Feeding Relationships Watch the video: Predator – Prey In your notes, draw a food web to represent the transfer of energy observed. (3 min)

Example of Food Web

Example of Food Web

Types of Heterotrophs • Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy – Herbivore—eats only plants – Carnivore – Omnivore – Detritivore – Decomposer

Types of Heterotrophs • Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy – Herbivore – Carnivore—eats other animals – Omnivore – Detritivore – Decomposer

Types of Heterotrophs • Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy – Herbivore – Carnivore – Omnivore—eats BOTH plants and animals – Detritivore – Decomposer

Types of Heterotrophs • Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy – Herbivore – Carnivore – Omnivore – Detritivore—eats dead plants and animals – Decomposer

Types of Heterotrophs • Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy – Herbivore – Carnivore – Omnivore – Detritivore – Decomposer—eats dead plants and animals AND breaks down dead organic matter and returns it to the environment

Detritus • Detrivores and decomposers eat detritus • Dead or decaying organic material

We are going to look at 3 pyramids: ☼Energy Pyramid ☼Biomass Pyramid ☼Pyramid of Numbers

Energy Pyramids ☼The energy in each trophic level can be visualized as an energy pyramid.

Energy Pyramid ☼ Each trophic level is represented by a block. ☼ Lowest trophic level (producers) on the bottom. ☼ Energy stored by the organisms at each trophic level is about one-tenth the energy stored by the organism in the level below. ☼ 10% of energy moves to the next tropic level. Why is only 10 % passed to the next trophic level? The other 90% is used in metabolism or lost to the atmosphere as heat.

Snake (tertiary consumer) t a He Rat (secondary consumer) Grasshopper (primary consumer) Grass (producer) 90% t a He 90%

Which of these options could feed more people? And less energy is “lost” in the process!

Nitrogen Cycle

Processes of The Nitrogen Cycle • • • Ammonification Nitrogen Fixation Nitrification Assimilation Denitrification Find them on your Nitrogen Cycle Diagram on pg. 6!

BACTERIA are the most important facilitators of the nitrogen cycle!

The Carbon Cycle CO 2 returns to the air or water in three ways: 1. Cellular Respiration -using oxygen to break down food 2. Combustion -burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) 3. Erosion -limestone from sediment of decayed shells erodes releasing carbon.

Symbiotic Relationships MUTUALISM [ | ] COMMENSALISM [ | ] PARASITISM [ | ] PREDATION [ | ]

Symbiotic Relationships Why is there not a symbiotic relationship with 2 frowny faces (where both organisms are harmed? ) MUTUALISM • Occurs when both organisms benefit. COMMENSALISM PARASITISM PREDATION • Occurs when one organism (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed. • Occurs when one organism benefits and the other organism neither benefits or is harmed. • Occurs when one organism (the predator) hunts another organism (the prey) for food. Competition: Were two organism compete for some type of resource.