Ecological Interface Design Progress and challenges Kim J

Ecological Interface Design: Progress and challenges Kim J. Vicente, University of Toronto UI Lab. 류 현 정

Ecology v 4 metatheoretical commitments in human factors Reciprocity of person and environments Representative design of experiments and evaluations Primacy of perception Start with analyzing

The goal of EID v improve user performance and overall system reliability for anticipated and unanticipated events in a complex system v more cognitive resources, higher cognitive progress one-level-at-a-time display led to the fastest detection times.

Two Key concepts v the abstraction hierarchy (Rasmussen, 1985) How and why relationships Means-ends links Work domain Analysis § Functional purpose The goals & purpose of the system § Abstract function Underlying laws & principles govern the goals of system § Generalized function Explain the processes involved in laws & principles § Physical function The physical components or equipment associated with the processes § Physical form The condition, location, physical appearance of components

Two Key concepts v the skills, rules, knowledge framework (Rasmussen, 1983) Three types of behavior or psychological processes present in operator information processing § Skill-based behavior Very little or no conscious control § Rule-based level Use of rules and procedures to select a course of action in a familiar work situation § Knowledge-based level More advanced level of reasoning

Progress v Does EID Improve Performance? EID lead to better performance than contemporary interface (Reising & Sanderson, 1998) § Be localized to more complex tasks v Why Does EID Improve Performance? Not attributable merely to differences in visual form (Ham & Yoon, 2001 b) Functional information is critical (Ham & Yoon, 2001 a) § Abstraction hierarchy analysis

Progress v How can EID Be Leveraged? Model-based training(Hunter, Vincente, Tanabe, 1996) Self-explanation (Howie, Vicente, 1998) § Videotaped replay § Verbal protocols Wholist cognitive style (Pask & Scott, 1972) § Relational thinking ability

Application v many proof-of-concept tests showed EID can be applied to large-scale problems. not all of the information will fit on one display or monitor v. In aviation, EID was not sure to apply. v network management, Software engineering, Medicine, Command & Control, Information retrieval

CHALLENGES v Time and Effort to Conduct the Analysis v Multimodal character Visual form, audio channel v Sensor noise & Failure on performance v Not only EID But also Integrated Systems Design v Critical Analysis is needed