ECEG 398 Quantum Optics Course Notes Part 2

ECEG 398 Quantum Optics Course Notes Part 2: Thermal Imagers Prof. Charles A. Di. Marzio and Prof. Anthony J. Devaney Northeastern University Spring 2006 February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 1

Thermal Fields • Mean Number (Text Eq. 2. 141): • Std. Deviation (Text Eq. 2. 149): • Energy Density (Text Eq. 2. 151): February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 2

Single-Mode Mean February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 3

Single Mode SNR Upper Trace is Poisson 0. 1 mm February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 4

Spectral Radiant Exitance Ul Watch the Units: February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 5

Signal & Noise Radiant Exitance February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 6

Lambert’s Law A’ A February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 7

Spectral Radiance z dq q y df f x February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 8

Black-Body Equation (1) February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 9

2 /m m Ml, Spectral Radiant Exitance, W/m Black Body Equations (2) February 2006 10 10 10 5 10 0 10 -5 10 -10 10000 5000 2000 10 500 1000 -1 T=300 k 0 1 10 10 l , Wavelength, m m Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 10 2 10

Solar Irradiance on Earth Data from The Science of Color, Crowell, 1953 3000 Exoatmospheric Sea Level filename=m 1695. m 5000 K Black Body Normalized to 1000 W/m 2 2500 E , Spectral Irradiance, W/m 2/ mm l 6000 K Black Body Normalized to 1560 W/m 2 2000 1500 1000 500 0 February 2006 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 l, Wavelength, nm 1400 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 1600 1800 2000 11

Typical Outdoor Radiance Levels Ultraviolet Visible Near IR Mid IR Far IR 6000 K Sun 6. 9 G Lux Sunlit Cloud 6. 9 k Lux Blue Sky 300 K night sky Atmospheric Passbands February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 12

. 5 0 -1 10 6 0 1 2 10 T = 500 K 10 10 4 2 0 -1 10 February 2006 T = 300 K 1 D Ml/Delta T Thermal Imaging Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 10 10 l, Wavelength, m m 10 13 2

Etendue AW is Constant Viewed by Pixel NA of Area of PRC Detector Lens Single Mode NA of Objective February 2006 NA of PRC Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University Pixel Area 14

Spectral Flux (Power) Per Mode February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 15

Probability Distributions (Delta) Laser Mode Re(E) Thermal Mode Many Thermal Modes February 2006 Im(E) (Delta) |E| (Gaussian) (Rayleigh) Summed on Detector Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University (Poisson) |E|2 n (Bose. Einstein) (Exponential) (Poisson) 16

Detected Photons (Signal & Bkg) Ps PBKG Filter BPF hq PNoise February 2006 Amp Preamp Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 17

Detector Examples: Spectral Photon Radiance 10464 -3 -32 February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 18

Detector Examples: Total Background Power 10464 -3 -31 February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 19

Noise Photons (Bkg. Limited) February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 20

Noise-Equivalent Power February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 21

Detector Examples: NEP 10464 -3 -3 February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 22

D-Star February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 23

Detector Examples: Detectivity, D* 10464 -3 -34 February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 24

Estimating the Temperature February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 25

Noise-Equivalent Delta T February 2006 Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 26

Calculating NEDT T=300 Kelvin, hq=0. 8, B=30 Hz, Dl=1 mm, A=(10 mm)2, W=0. 1 sr 7 X 106 Photons/Kelvin February 2006 NEDT=5 m. Kelvin Chuck Di. Marzio, Northeastern University 27